NROS 310 Final Exam || with A+ Guaranteed Solutions.
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Module
NROS 310
Institution
NROS 310
Gene correct answers The sequence of genomic DNA that codes for a functional product and all necessary elements to properly regulate its expression
What is the most likely type of biochemical change in a protein that results in a recessive and dominant mutation correct answers recessive: Changes...
NROS 310 Final Exam || with A+ Guaranteed Solutions.
Gene correct answers The sequence of genomic DNA that codes for a functional product and all
necessary elements to properly regulate its expression
What is the most likely type of biochemical change in a protein that results in a recessive and
dominant mutation correct answers recessive: Changes in protein that results in a loss of function
Dominant: Changes in proteins that result in a gain of functional
Describe how a transcriptional activator can have both short term and long term effects on gene
expression correct answers Short term: helping to recruit RNA polymerase
Long Term: recruiting the protein that triggers the opening of the chromatin such as histone
acetylation
How does the injection of double stranded RNA trigger the destruction of target mRNA?
Describe 2 necessary steps correct answers 1. DsRNA is cut into fragments by dicer
2: fragments are used by the RISC complex to guide it to specific complementary mRNA strands
to target them for destruction
The mutation that causes fragile X is a change in the untranslated part of the gene. Explain how
this mutation causes a loss of function even through it doesn't change any of the amino acids in
the protein product of the gene correct answers This mutation causes the CGG repeat region in
the untranslated portion of the gene to expand triggering the methylation of the DNA and
chromatin condensation where this gene resides. Thus the gene is not expressed and is not
functional since it is not ever made
Can a uniporter be used for active transport? If yes, explain where the energy comes from.
correct answers No uniporters only transport things down their electrical gradients since there is
no place for energy to come from to drive active transport
Describe where proteins with the following signal sequence would end up
A) Protein with no descernable signal sequence
B) Protein with nuclear targeting and mitochondria matrix targeting sequence
C) A protein with a mitochondrial inner membrane stop transfer sequence and a nuclear targeting
sequence
D) A protein with a mitochondrial outer membrane targeting signal correct answers A: stays in
cytoplasm
B: nucleus or mitochondrial matrix
C: Nucleus. mitochondrial inner membrane stop signal will not function unless there is also a
mitochondrial matrix targeting signal
D) Would end up in mitochondrial outer membrane
Describe how the quality control mechanism in the ER works. Include the actions of both
calnexin and glucosyltransferase correct answers Glucosyltransferase detects misfolded protein
and tags them with with sugar. Calnexin detects the sugar and tries to refold the protein and the
sugar gets removed.
, Predict the effects on vesicle trafficking of the following mutations
A: defective Sar-GEF
B: defective Cop-I
C: Defective arf-GEF
D: Defective v-snares correct answers A: Vesicles from Er to golgi will not form
B: Vesicles from golgi --> ER not form
C: Vesicles will dock but not fuse with target membranes
D: Vesicles will form but not be able to pinch off the donor membrane
Rate limiting step for actin polymerization and how is it regulated? correct answers Nucleation is
the rate limiting step and is regulated using Arp2/3
What is the difference between ATP cap and capping protein? correct answers ATP cap forms
during polymerization of actin filaments and it refers to the presence of actin-ATP at the end of
the growing filament. Capping protein binds onto the end of actin filament to stabilize them for
the long term
Describe how calcium causes muscle contraction in skeletal muscle correct answers Ca >
troponin > tropomyosin movement to allow myosin to interact with actin > contraction
Signal transduction by which peptides detects neutrophil tiggers the polymerization of actin
correct answers peptide > GPCR > Beta-gamma > PI3Kinase > PIP3 > Rac GEF > RAC > Wasp
and Arp2/3 > actin polymerization
Which cytoskeleton motors is most likely to mediate the following?
A: ER to golgi
B: ciliated bacterium
C: Vesicle from cell body to axon tip
D: Color change in octopus
E: vesicle from golgi to membrane correct answers A: Dynein
B: Dynein
C: Kinesin
D: Kinesin and dynein
E: Kinesin and myosin
A moving growth cone is attracted to a target because of a diffusible factor. What is the likely
signal pathway that leads to the first step in cell movement? correct answers Growth Factor >
rTK > PI3Kinase > Cdc42 gef > Cdc42 > Wasp/Arp2/3
What junctional complexes are formed as the growth cone navigates and what are the two main
components? correct answers Focal Adhesion: Integrins and actin
Is it possible to have two copies of a recessive mutation and still not show the expected
phenotype? Explain correct answers Yes, the gene interacts with the environment so it is possible
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