handy revision guide for learning about the British Civil War, with detailed notes about the events in the period of the Civil War
applicable to the OCR A level unit: The Early Stuarts and the Origins of the Civil War 1603–1660 and any units on the British Civil War
Royalists Strengths
great number of gentry joined the King with tenants and horses, many of them were quick to
donate money
fund- raising was organised
King- could call on professional soldiers and had 2 experienced commanders
Weaknesses
shortage of money
navy sided with Parliament
ability was restricted to trade with the continent
advisers disagreed over war aims {caused rivalry with commanders}
some were more interested in plunder than winning war
Parliament Strengths
navy sided with them
command of the sea- controlled trade so Parliament could ensure that London could continue
to be England’s trading capital
restricted Charles’ ability to trade with the continent
controlled the more populated and prosperous part of the Kingdom
scots on their side
Weaknesses
divided with the ‘peace party’ and ‘war party’
didn’t have many rich commanders
had political Independents that were scared of Presbyterianism and didn’t want to ally with
Scots
Royalist and Parliament’s relied on locally based forces
similarities experienced difficulties in persuading county committees to release forces for duty elsewhere
produced similar tax methods: Royalists {contribution} and Parliament {assessment}
raised money by compulsory loans from richer people
royalists followed Parliament’s method of excise {custom duties on imported goods that was
easy to collect}
experienced divisions with King’s advisers disagreeing over war aims and Parliament’s
‘peace and war party’
1642 Battle of Edgehill Oct
stalemate- but Parliamentary leader left road open to London {Royalists could have used this
to their advantage}
Battle of Turnham Green Nov
Parliament- won as Charles ignored Rupert’s ideas urged to force the defences at TG} and
withdrew to Oxford
1643 Treaty of Oxford Spring
mild version of 19 propositions with additional clauses against Catholics
but peace came to nothing
Battle of Adwalton Moor June
royalists- won as the Northern army succeeded in defeating Parliament
Battle of Bristol July
royalists- won as Rupert took Bristol
1st Battle of Newbury Sept
draw- but Essex’ forces were able to continue their march to London
Solemn League and Covenant Sept
1643 Pym- persuaded Parliament so they would have Scots fighting on their side in return for
Presbyterianism in England
Cessation 1643 Dec
allowed Charles to bring English regiments back from Ireland but troops were captured and
changed sides
1644 Battle of Cropredy Bridge June
royalist- victory as Walker was beaten by the King
Battle of Marston Moor July
royalists- defeated due to superior tactics of Parliament’s army and Rupert’s misjudgements
King’s Northern army were defeated
ENDED WAR IN NORTH
2nd Battle of Newbury Oct
draw- that led to the Self- Denying Ordinance and New Model Army
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