NICHD - ANSWER National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Consonant-le syllable - ANSWER a non-phonetic, recurring syllable that is fairly
stable in its pronunciation & spelling
vowel-r syllable - ANSWER a vowel-r syllable has an r after the vowel - the
sound of the vowel is unexpected - it is not short (star, fern, bird, fork, turtle)
Vowel Pair Syllable - ANSWER A syllable with two adjacent vowels in initial,
medial, or final position
Vowel-Consonant e syllable - ANSWER syllable ends in one vowel, one
consonant, and a final e - the final e is silent - the vowel is long (cake, five, athlete,
rope, cube)
open syllable - ANSWER syllable that ends with one vowel.
closed syllable - ANSWER A syllable that ends in one vowel and at least one
consonant
criterion referenced - ANSWER These tests compare a student's knowledge &
skills against a predetermined standard cut score or criterion. Ex. ACT, SAT, CALT
Curriculum referenced test - ANSWER Intended to measure achievement Ex.
Unit test
, CALT
norm-referenced tests - ANSWER Compare a student's performance against
the performance of their peers (percentile rank based on how well the students in
the normative sample perform) Ex. CTOPP
standardized test - ANSWER administered and scored the same way every time
EX. STAAR
Lucius Waites - ANSWER 1968- Neurobiologist (retired) Child Development
Division, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital of Children. Wrote "Specific Dyslexia and
Other Developmental Problems in Children: A Synopsis"
Samuel T. Orton - ANSWER 1925 - Coined the term "strephosymbolia" which
means twisted symbols; Pathologist, neurologist and psychitrist in the US, studied
with Dr. Alzheimer in Germany, work influenced by James Hinshelwood
MacDonald Critchley - ANSWER "In born Disorders of Central Origin"
"Developmental Dyslexia" 1964, World Federation of Neurology meets & adopts
developmental dyslexia definition 1968, "Dyslexia Defined" 1978
Harold Levinson - ANSWER Wrote the book, "Smart But Feeling Dumb" rhythm
& inner ear (creep & crawl)
Sally Shaywitz - ANSWER 2003 "Overcoming Dyslexia" Yale Center for Dyslexia
& Creativity study of learning & attention using MRI to study the neurobiology of
dyslexia "The Phonological Model" processing, not visual system, is the root of the
disorder.
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