KIN 311 Midterm (2) || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
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Module
KIN 311
Institution
KIN 311
For an image movement, how do you know if the retina or the world moved? correct answers The brain uses proprioceptive feedback from ocular muscles and compares that with the motor command to predict visual changes due to eye movements
What is efference information? correct answers Motor output
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KIN 311 Midterm (2) || with Errorless Solutions 100%.
For an image movement, how do you know if the retina or the world moved? correct answers
The brain uses proprioceptive feedback from ocular muscles and compares that with the motor
command to predict visual changes due to eye movements
What is efference information? correct answers Motor output
What is afference information? correct answers Sensory information
How can afference be categorized? correct answers -Ex-afference
-Re-afference
What is ex-afference? correct answers Sensory information from the external world
What is re-afference? correct answers Sensory information from self-produced movement
What did von Holst examine? correct answers Predictions about the consequences of self-
produced movement
What happens when the visual input across the retina is reversed and the fly moves in a
stationary cylinder? correct answers The fly just keeps rotating because the actual sensory
feedback did not match the predicted sensory feedback
Describe the reafference principle correct answers The brain uses an efference copy of the motor
command to compare predicted sensory input and actual sensory input
Describe reafference deficiency in the case of RW correct answers RW suffers from a deficiency
resulting in the perceived motion of the stationary world without correction from his own eye
movements
(ie. no efference copy of ocular muscles)
Describe the kitten carousel study correct answers Two learning conditions in a carousel:
-Active kitten
-Passive kitten that is moved by the carousel
What are the findings of the kitten carousel study? correct answers Visuo-motor development
depends on experiencing sensory consequences of self-produced movement
What does sensorimotor adaptation to visual shifts require? correct answers Combination of ex-
afference (visual and kinesthetic feedback) and re-afference information
, Describe the process of sensorimotor adaptation correct answers 1. Sensorimotor feedback is
compared with the predicted re-afference
2. Sensory prediction errors are noted by the comparator
3. Comparator sends a training signal to the controller
In the study of hand movements looking through a prism, what were the learning conditions?
correct answers -Static hand
-Passive hand movements
-Active hand movements
In the study of hand movements looking through a prism, what were the findings? correct
answers Only the learning condition with active hand movements lead to adaptations to a visual
shift
Fill in the blank: GL is a ______ participant correct answers Deafferented
What does it mean to be deafferented? correct answers Lack proprioceptive feedback
What are the findings on the study of visual rotation adaptations on GL correct answers GL
adapted to visual rotations despite having no proprioceptive feedback
What likely contributed to sensorimotor adaptations in GL correct answers Comparison of re-
afference information with visual feedback
What are characteristics of sensorimotor control? correct answers -Involves the CNS
-Requires a control system and neural mechanisms simulating the behaviour of the body and the
environment
What are internal models? correct answers Neural mechanisms capturing the forward and inverse
relationship between actions and consequences
What does the inverse model determine? correct answers The motor commands sent to achieve a
desired goal
What does the forward model determine? correct answers Prediction of the motor system with
the external world
True or False: Feedback is instantaneous correct answers False
True or False: Lag in feedback delays disrupt motor behaviour correct answers True
What do no oscillations in feedback delay suggest? correct answers Compensation for the delay
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