Summary
Summary Alexander III notes- Tsarist and Communist Russia
These are notes on Alexander III and his rule. They contain notes and detailed facts on his rule and the factors needed to write good essays and interpretations in exams.
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Alexander IIIContext
Local Government
Emergency measures
Control
Judicial
Education
Repression
Russification
Problem with ethnic minorities
Results of Russification
Anti-Semitism
Economic development
Vyshenagradky
Witte’s Industrial strategery
Foreign loans, investment
High tariffs on foreign industrial goods
Raised taxation
How successful?
Context
Tutored by Konstantin Pobedonestsev- Alexander was brought up with a strong belief in
autocracy
His reign began with the public hanging of the conspirators involved in his fathers’
assassination
1881 ‘Manifesto of Unshakable Autocracy’- ‘rule with faith in the strength and truth of the
autocratic power which we have been called upon to affirm and safeguard’
Rejected his fathers’ reforms as ‘ill-advised, tantamount to revolution’
Loris-Melikov proposals abandoned and reforming ministers including Dimitry Milyutin
resigned
Alexander III 1
, Mikhail Katkov- a journalist who helped justify Alexanders’ conservative views to the
literate public.
Local Government
July 1889- A new state-appointed office of ‘Land Captain’ created
They had the power to override elections to the zemstvo and village assemblies and to
disregard zemstvo decisions
1890- Act passed to reduce peasants’ vote and place Zemstva under central government
control
💡 1892 Municipal Government Act- In Moscow and St Petersburg only 0.7% of the
population could vote.
Emergency measures
1881- Statute of State Security passed- gave the government emergency powers to:
prohibit gatherings of more than 12 people
close schools, universities and newspapers
prosecute any individual for political crimes
set up special courts outside the legal system.
Control
1881- the Okhrana was established
1882- A decree allowed the police to declare any citizen subject to surveillance
Censorship tightened further- Publications criticising the regime could be suspended and
editors banned from publishing anything else.
Alexander III 2
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