Exam (elaborations)
Unit 1: 1.1 write up
- Module
- Changing Awareness of Crime
- Institution
- WJEC
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Oliwia Kozica 1.1 – Write upWhite collar crime:
White collar crime is committed in commercial situations for financial gain, this crime opposes the thought that all
crimes are physically violent as white-collar crimes are non-violent. The term white collar crime describes the usual
offenders as businesspeople who wear a shirt and tie, examples of this crime include tax evasion, money laundering
and fraud like computer and internet fraud. Typical offenders of this crime are usually people that have a high social
status and are trusted by their victim, they often work in commercial employment. Individuals who invest their funds
in a finance scheme like recently retired workers, are the typical victims of this crime. This closely relates to the
victims of Bernie Madoff’s ‘Ponzi Scheme’, which demonstrates the destructive potential of white-collar crime.
Bernie Madoff ran the biggest Ponzi scheme in history, this is where money is taken from investors rather than
investments from the stock market, then using the latest investments to pay interest to existing investors. This
happened for at least 17 years before Madoff was persecuted, this illustrates the complexity of white colour crime
and the low chances of catching and prosecuting offenders. White collar crime prosecutions have decreased 53.5%
from 2011 to 2021. Linking Madoff’s case to public awareness, it is evident that the awareness for white collar crime
is low. This can be due to the perpetrators being sophisticated enough to conceal their activities, making it difficult to
prosecute any offenders. 5000 out of 100,000 offenders get arrested for white collar crimes annually, with only 3%
being prosecuted for it. White collar crimes can be considered as both criminal and deviant, this is because it is a
crime due to the actions being against the law and also its deviant as the actions go against societies norms to recruit
people to join a massive fraudulent scam that results in losing money than gaining. Any recent campaigns/laws
associated with this type of crime.
Hate crime:
Hate crime is any crime that the victim perceives as motivated prejudice, any regular crime can be hate crime if it has
an element of hate. Examples of this crime can vary from sexual orientation, a person’s race, religious belief, disability
or if they are transgender. Victims of hate crime usually fall under these above categories. Typical offenders of this
crime can be identified as having any form of prejudicial view against the victim. Hate towards Asians in the Covid 19
pandemic is an example of hate crime in the modern period. Usually Americas media influences the UK, Trumps
speech about how Asians were the people who made the virus allowed for xenophobia across social media towards
Asian people: “Just because I look Asian doesn’t mean I started the virus”. 88% of recorded hate crimes are religiously
or racially motivated. Another case of hate crime is Adam Pearson, Adam experienced disability hate crime due to his
condition neurofibromatosis causing tumours to grow on the nerve endings of his face. Adam raises awareness of
this crime, for example: campaigning or going on talk shows like ‘Good Morning Britain’. He is an ambassador to
‘Changing Faces’ campaign which attempts to educate people and seek acceptance in society. Due to a high focus of
hate crime in the media recently, the level of public awareness has increased. The Crown Prosecution Service has
ordered a crackdown on social media hate crime in August 2017, this has also added to raising public awareness of
this crime. Hate crime is viewed as being both deviant and criminal, it goes against society’s norms to victimise
someone due to their identity or sexual orientation.
Technological crime:
Technological crime is when the offence is committed using the internet or other technologies, this can include
internet-enabled fraud, malware distribution, hacking and downloading materials such as films or images illegally.
Due to social media being a large platform that is available to anyone, the victim of technological crime can be
anyone who uses the internet. Often vulnerable people are more likely to be victims of a phishing scam, which is a
scam that attempts to persuade someone to give personal information like passwords, credit card details or even
bank account numbers. Anyone who has access to, and basic knowledge of the internet can be an offender of
technological crime, typically the offenders are based overseas with the technical ability to gain access to bank
accounts and credit cards. A recent hacking scandal consisting of the ‘Robin Hood Hackers’ donated stolen money to
charity, the dark side hackers extorted millions from companies. The hackers posted receipts of their donations also,
the Childrens International charity did not accept the money and told the BBC “If the donation is linked to a hacker,
we have no intention of keeping it.” Only 4% to 5% of hackers get apprehended by law enforcement every year, this
just shows how difficult it is to catch offenders. Initially, it could be said that public awareness is quite low for
technological crimes as technology is still a new aspect for the past generations, however, more publicity and
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