Lecture notes
Vaccine Lecture notes: Immunology of Human Disease (6BBBI308)
- Institution
- Kings College London (KCL)
Vaccination lecture notes at KCL
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
Information clarified verbally that is importantVaccination:
An ideal vaccine would be: 100% effective (sterilizing immunity), effective at site of infection,
induces cell-mediated responses, active against all isolates in a target population, long-lasting
and simple vaccination schedule
Adaptive immunity relating to B cell/antibodies:
- Antigen specific
- Takes longer to develop
- Memory cells are ready to respond fast t the pathogen returning
- Essential for protection
Adaptive response has two branches: humoral and cell-mediated response
Humoral: Activating B cells and then differentiating the B cells into plasma cells and memory B
cells which produce antibodies – -LOOK INTO THIS AGAIN
Cell-mediated response: Involve activation of T-cells; kills pathogen once infected –-
LOOK INTO
=
THIS AGAIN
B-cells:
- Produce antibodies
- Produced in bone marrow
- Has antigen receptor (membrane bound antibody)
- When antigen binds, signal transduction cascade is initiated (signal transduction cascade can
be initated quicker and have a higher magnitude in terms of activation signals that are given off
if the B cell receptors become clustered; often on pathogens, there will be an antigen in which
the B cells binds to but often on a pathogen, that antigen will be displayed multivalently- so
there will be lots of copies of the same antigen on the surface; end up with cross-linking of B
cell receptors which allows multiple binding to these B cell receptors)
- Activating signal requires clustering of receptors
Cell divides rapidly to produce plasma cells and a small number of memory B cells
, Antibody basic structure:
- 2 light chains, 2 heavy chains linked by interchain disulfide bonds
- Each Light chain made up of variable region and constant region
- Each heavy chain is made up of one variable region and three constant regions
- The part of the antibody that is made up of the variable regions and one domain each of the
heavy and light chain = Fab fragment- responsible to binding to the antigen
- The second two domains of the constant regions of the heavy chains (C H2 and CH3 domains)
together form the Fc domain- to different Fc receptors on different immune cells
How are antibodies able to bind to different pathogens? Mechanisms
- Recombination
- Class-switching
- Somatic hypermutation
Recombination: First stage of generating B cell receptor on the surface
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller shahanaaktar. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73216 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now