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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY EXAMQUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Biological Psychology - Answer-Behavioral neuroscience. The study of the biological
base of psychological processes and behavior
Neuroscience - Answer-The study of the nervous system
Neuron - Answer-Nerve cell, basic unit of the nervous system. Composed of cell body,
receptive extensions (dendrites), and a transmitting extension (axon)
Somatic Intervention - Answer-An approach to finding relations between body variables
and behavior variables that involves manipulating body structure or function and looking
for resultant changes in behavior
Independent Variable - Answer-The behavior that is manipulated
Dependent Variable - Answer-The factor that is measured, dependent on independent
variable
Behavioral Intervention - Answer-An approach to finding relations between body
variables and behavioral variables that involves intervening in the behavior of an
organism and looking for resultant changes in body structure or functions
Correlation - Answer-The covariation of two measures
Neuroplasticity - Answer-The ability of the nervous system to change in response to
experience or the environment
Reductionism - Answer-The scientific process of breaking a system down into
increasingly smaller parts in order to understand it.
Dualism - Answer-Notion promoted by Rene Descartes that the mind is subject to only
spiritual interactions while the body is subject to only material interactions
Phrenology - Answer-The belief that bumps on the skull reflect enlargements of brain
regions responsible for certain behavioral faculties
Neuron Doctrine - Answer-The hypothesis that the brain is composed of separate cells
that are distinct structurally, metabolically, and functionally. Synapses between neurons.
Ramon y Cajal's theory led to this
Synapse - Answer-The gap between neurons, where information is passed from one to
the other
,Glial Cells - Answer-Neuroglia, no neuronal brain cells that provide structural,
nutritional, and other types of support to the brain. Three types Astrocytes, microglia,
oligodendrocytes
Mitochondria - Answer-Cellular organelle that provides energy for the cells processes
Cell Nucleus - Answer-The center of the cell that contains the chromosomes
Ribosomes - Answer-Structures in the cell body where genetic information is translated
to produce proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum - Answer-network of tubes that transports molecules
Dendrite - Answer-Receptive surface of neuron
Input zone - Answer-Part of the neuron the receives information, usually corresponds
with dendrites
Cell Body, Soma - Answer-Region of neuron that is the nucleus
Integration Zone - Answer-Part of the Neuron that initiates electrical cell activity, usually
corresponds to axon hillock. Determines whether or not an AP is fired
Axon - Answer-A single extension from the nerve cell that carries nerve impulses from
the cell body to other neurons
Conduction Zone - Answer-The part of the neuron over which the nerve's electrical
signal my be actively propagated, usually corresponds to cell's axon
Axon Terminal - Answer-The end of an axon, forms a synapse with another neuron or
another target cell
Output Zone - Answer-The part of a neuron, usually corresponding with the axon
terminals, at which the cell sends information to another cell
Multipolar Neuron - Answer-Has many dendrites and a single axon
Bipolar Neuron - Answer-Has a single dendrite at one end and a single axon at the
other end
Unipolar Neuron - Answer-Has single branch that leaves the cell body and then extends
in two directions, one end is the receptive pole, the other is the output zone
Motoneuron - Answer-Nerve cell that transmits motor messages stimulating a muscle or
gland
, Sensory Neuron - Answer-Directly affected by changes in the environment, such as a
light, odor, or touch
Interneuron - Answer-Neither a sensory or motor neuron, receives input and sends it to
other neurons. Modulates activity of principle neurons
Astrocyte - Answer-Star shaped glial cell with numerous processes (extensions) that run
in all directions
Microglial Cells - Answer-Extremely small glial cells that remove cellular debris from
injured or dead cells
Myelin - Answer-The fatty insulation around as axon, formed by glial cells, improves the
speed of conduction of neural cells
Myelination - Answer-The process of myelin formation
Node of Ranvier - Answer-Gaps between the successive segments of the myelin sheath
where the axon membrane is exposed
Multiple Sclerosis - Answer-Literally means "many scars" disorder characterized by the
widespread degradation of myelin
Oligodenrocyte - Answer-A type of glial cell that forms myelin in the CNS
Schwann Cell - Answer-The glial cell forms myelin in the PNS
Edema - Answer-The swelling of tissue, especially in the brain, response to injury
Arborization - Answer-The elaborate branching of the dendrites of some neurons
Presynaptic - Answer-Referring to the region of he synapse that releases the NT
Postsynaptic - Answer-Referring to the region of a synapse that receives and responds
to NT
Presynaptic Membrane - Answer-The specialized membrane of the axon terminal of the
neuron that transmits information by releasing NT
Postsynaptic Membrane - Answer-The specialized membrane on the surface of a cell
that receives information by responding to NT from a presynaptic neuron
Synaptic Cleft - Answer-The space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic elements
Synaptic Vesicle - Answer-A small spherical structure that contains molecules of NT
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