✅✅
-drugs
-trauma - -Conditions in which dehydration can develop quickly are
Clues to the extent of dehydration - ✅✅-What do clinical signs of dehydration
provide
-appropriate for use when the child is alert, awake, and not in danger
-treats mild to moderate dehydration in children
-management at home for mild cases of dehydration
,*Ondansetron known as Zofran to reduce emesis - ✅✅-Oral rehydration
management or oral rehydration therapy
-initiated when child is unable. To ingest sufficient amounts of fluid and
electrolytes
-treats pts with severe dehydration- uncontrolled vomiting, unable to drink,
✅✅
severe gastric distention
-example:Pedialyte - -Parenteral Fluid Therapy
✅✅-Acute
sudden increase in frequency and change in consistency of stools
-*the leading cause of illness in children younger than 5yrs of age -
diarrhea
✅✅
The most common viral pathogen to cause acute diarrhea in children -
-Rotavirus
Parasite that causes acute diarrhea - ✅✅-Giardia lamblia
-glucose intolerance-watery, explosive stools
-foul smelling, greasy, bulky stools- fat malabsorption
-diarrhea developing after introducing cow's milk, fruits, or cereal-enzyme
deficiency or protein intolerance
✅✅
-neutrophils or RBCs in the stool- indicate bacterial gastroenteritis or IBD -
-Chronic diarrhea diagnostic evaluations
✅✅-Chronic diarrhea
-oral rehydration solutions 1st then moderate dehydration
-administered in small quantities at frequent intervals -
therapeutic management
No!!!! - ✅✅-Are antidiarrheal meds recommended for acute diarrhea?
-rotavirus vaccine
-teach personal hygiene
*Most diarrhea is spread by the fecal-oral route
✅✅
Make sure water supply is clean and protected from contamination and prepare
food carefully - -Chronic diarrhea prevention
, -accurate I/O measurement
-provide perianal skin care
-avoid taking temp rectally; this stimulates the bowel, increasing passage of stool
✅✅
-educate family about proper hand washing and disposal of solid diapers,
clothes, and bed linens - -Chronic diarrhea nursing considerations
Person to person transmission most common in children - ✅✅-Protozoa-
Giardiasis
Cramps and diarrhea - ✅✅-Protozoa- Giardiasis clinical manifestations
-Metronidazole or Flagyl, Tinidazole or Tindamax
-Encourage meticulous sanitary practices
✅✅
-Discourage infected children or those with diarrhea from swimming in pools or
lakes until they are infection free - -Protozoa-Giardiasis therapeutic
management
✅✅
-crowded conditions, such as in classrooms or daycare centers
-infection begins when the eggs are ingested or inhaled - -Helminths or
Pinworms patho
Tape test to obtain la specimen for fecal smear - ✅✅-Clinical manifestations of
helminths
-Mebendazole or Vermox
-all bed linens and clothes must be washed in hot water
✅✅
-encourage hand washing after toileting and before eating, keeping a child's
fingernails short, daily showering rather than tub - -Helminth therapeutic tx
An alteration in frequency, consistency, or ease of passage of stool
-may be secondary to other disorders
-idiopathic constipation has no known cause
✅✅
-chronic constipation may be due to environmental or physiological factors -
-Constipation patho
-antacids
-diuretics
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