A&P 2 Final MGCCC
What is a transcellular reabsorption route? (pg. 1011) - ✔️✔️passes from fluid in
tubular lumen THROUGH apical membrane of a tubule cell, across the cytosol, and out
into interstitial fluid through basolateral membrane.
List waste products normally excreted by the kidneys (pg. 1011) - ✔️✔️Water, proteins,
Sodium ions, Chloride ions, Bicarbonate ions, glucose, urea, potassium ions, uric acid,
creatinine
Which layer of smooth dense irregular connective tissue covers the kidney and outer
layer of the ureter? (pg. 995) - ✔️✔️renal fascia
Which portion of the kidney extends between the renal pyramids? (pg. 998) -
✔️✔️renal columns
List the order of blood flow through the kidneys (pg. 998) - ✔️✔️Renal artery,
Segmental arteries, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Cortical radiate arteries,
Afferent Arteries, Glomerular capillaries, efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries,
peritubular venules, cortical radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins, renal vein
List functions of the kidneys (pp. 995-996) - ✔️✔️Excretion of wastes, regulation of
blood ionic composition, regulation of blood pH, Regulation of blood volume, regulation
of blood pressure, maintenance of blood osmolarity, production of hormones, regulation
of hormones, regulation of blood glucose levels
List the order of filtrate flow through a cortical nephron (pg. 1001) - ✔️✔️Glomerular
capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb
of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure reabsorbs the most substances? (pg. 1010) - ✔️✔️proximal
convoluted tubule
Which nephron structure filters blood plasma? (pg. 999) - ✔️✔️glomerulus
What is reabsorption? (pg. 1005) - ✔️✔️the process by which the nephron removes
water and solutes from the tubular fluid and returns them to the circulating blood
What is tubular secretion? (pg. 1005) - ✔️✔️the transfer of materials from peritubular
capillaries to the renal tubular lumen; it is the opposite process of reabsorption
, What is the basement membrane? (pg. 1007) - ✔️✔️thin, dense sheets of specialized,
self- assembled extracellular matrix that surround most animal tissues
What is myogenic mechanism? (pg. 1008) - ✔️✔️how arteries and arterioles react to
an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow constant within the
blood vessel
What percentage of filtered water do the proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb? (pg.
1012) - ✔️✔️65%
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys? (pg. 1016) - ✔️✔️acts to increase Na-H
exchange, increasing sodium reabsorption. Increased levels of Na in the body acts to
increase the osmolarity of the blood, leading to a shift of fluid into the blood volume and
extracellular space
Where does urea recycling occur? (pg. 1020) - ✔️✔️loop of henle.
What happens to blood pH when the secretion of hydrogen ions (H+) increases? (pg.
1021) - ✔️✔️pH lowers
What happens to sodium (Na+) levels in the blood when the secretion of aldosterone
increases? (pg. 1016) - ✔️✔️increase sodium
What is a urinalysis? (pg. 1022) - ✔️✔️analysis of urine by physical, chemical, and
microscopical means to test for the presence of disease, drugs, etc.
What percentage of total volume of urine is water? (pg. 1022) - ✔️✔️95%
Why would a nephrologist order a plasma creatinine test for a patient? (pg. 1023) -
✔️✔️to measure how well your kidneys are filtering your blood
What is the function of the ureters? (pg. 1024) - ✔️✔️carry the urine away from kidneys
to the urinary bladder
Which layer of the ureter is composed of connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers?
(pg. 1025) - ✔️✔️Lamina Propria
What is the location of the internal urethral orifice? (pg. 1025) - ✔️✔️Opening of
urethra to outside the body
What is albuminuria? (pg. 1023) - ✔️✔️Protein in urine
