PHSL 1010 Exam 1 Questions And Answers
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What is the general purpose of feedback mechanisms - answerthe bring about rapid change in the
body
What is a hormone - answera chemical regulator secreted from an endocrine gland that travels
through the bloodstream to affect target cells
What...
What is the general purpose of feedback mechanisms - answer✔the bring about rapid change in the
body
What is a hormone - answer✔a chemical regulator secreted from an endocrine gland that travels
through the bloodstream to affect target cells
What best describes how the total body balance of any chemical substance is determined - answer✔The
difference between the amount of substance lost from the body and the amount gained
Which directly determines an atom's identity? - answer✔the number of protons
Of the major ions found in the body, which one carries a negative charge - answer✔Chloride
What is true of electrolytes - answer✔they conduct electricity when dissolved in water
Molecules that have properties of both polar and non polar molecules are called - answer✔amphipathic
The pH of a solution - answer✔Is a measure of the concentration of free H ions in the solution
which chemical group does glucose best fit into - answer✔monosaccharides
Four basic types of cells - answer✔muscle, nerve, connective tissue, epithelial
What are the four general categories of cells that make up the human body - answer✔epithelial,
connective tissue, neuron, muscle
Physiology is the study of - answer✔How organisms function
The study of disease states in the body is called - answer✔Pathophysiology
Bone cells, blood cells, fat cells, and cartilage cells are types of - answer✔connective tissue cells
Connective tissue does what - answer✔connects, anchors, supports
connective tissue is found - answer✔in loose meshwork of cells and fibers
Loose connective tissue is found - answer✔in loose meshwork of cells and fibers underlying epithelium
Dense connective tissue is - answer✔tough, rigid tissue (tendons and ligaments)
What is the principal function performed by epithelial cells - answer✔forming boundaries between body
compartments
Functions of epithelia - answer✔form boundaries with body compartments, function as selective
barriers (regulate molecule exchange); specialized cells for the selective secretion and absorption of ions
and organic molecules; protection
The cell type that is specialized to communicate with other cells and control their activities is -
answer✔nerve cells
Nervous system cell that initiates, integrates, and conducts electrical signals to other cells (sometimes
over long distances) - answer✔neuron
Cellular extensions of neurons packaged with connective tissue (carries signals between nervous system
and other parts of body) - answer✔nerve
What is the term for the developmental process that leads to specialized cell types -
answer✔differentiation
What best describes the extracellular matrix - answer✔it surrounds cells; contains proteins,
polysaccharides, and minerals. Provides a scaffold for cell attachment. transmits messengers to cells
extracellular matrix consists of - answer✔mixture of proteins, polysaccharides, and minerals
Collagen fibers - answer✔ropelike fibers
elastin fibers - answer✔rubberband like fibers
type of fiber that can be compared to concrete packing material - answer✔nonfibrous protein
containing a carbohydrate
Functions of extracellular matrix - answer✔provide scaffold for cellular attachments. chemical
messengers transmit info to cells for growth. differentiation, activity, and migration
If a person begins to sweat upon entering a hot room but continued sweating is able to keep body
temperature constant, which best describes her condition - answer✔She is in a steady state
Homeostasis: dynamic equilibrium - answer✔Maintenance of stable internal environment. Variables are
kept in normal range around set point.
homeostasis: steady state - answer✔system that variable isn't changing by energy is added to maintain
condition
What concept is the defining feature of the discipline of physiology - answer✔homeostasis
describing a physiological variable as homeostatic means that it - answer✔is in a state of dynamic
constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point value
dynamic constancy - answer✔constantly changing and active mechanisms to detect and respond to
changes in physiological variables from set points by initiating effector responses to restore the variables
to their optimal physiological range
What term is used to describe the steady state value for any variable that the body attempts to maintain
- answer✔set point
what are the components of a general reflux arc listed in the order information typically flows through
them following a stimulus - answer✔Receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway,
effector
Detectable change in internal or external environment - answer✔stimulus
detects stimulus and produces signal (relayed to integrating center) - answer✔receptor
Pathway carrying signals from receptor to integrating center - answer✔afferent pathway
Receives signals from stimuli - answer✔integrating center
component changes in activity to complete overall response - answer✔effector
pathway information from command center to effector - answer✔efferent pathway
Feedforward regulatory processes - answer✔work in anticipation of changes in regulated variables
What is the general purpose of positive feedback mechanisms - answer✔to bring about rapid change in
the body. accelerates a process and multiplies effect of original stimulus
Shivering in response to a cold draft is an example of: - answer✔a homeostatic mechanism, negative
feedback, a physiological reflex, thermoregulation
response moves variable in opposite direction of initial stimulus. plays role in check and balances -
answer✔negative feedback
If the amount of sodium in the blood decreases, what would a negative feedback control mechanism be
expected to do? - answer✔increase the amount of sodium in the blood
What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc - answer✔the route by which signals
from an integrating center reach effector organs
What is the correct sequence for a regulatory reflex arc - answer✔stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway,
integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes - answer✔endocrine glands
can be integrators and hormones can be efferent pathways
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