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BMD 430 Lecture 12 Hypersensitivity Study Guide Solutions
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BMD 430 Lecture 12 Hypersensitivity Study Guide Solutions Basic model for immunity - ANSWER-Antigen-into body->recognition-> effector response Hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER-inappropriate secondary responses against (relatively) harmless antigens As a result, these immune reactions...

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  • November 12, 2024
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BMD 430 Lecture 12 Hypersensitivity
Study Guide Solutions

Basic model for immunity - ANSWER✔✔-Antigen-into body->recognition-> effector

response


Hypersensitivity reactions - ANSWER✔✔-inappropriate secondary responses against

(relatively) harmless antigens


As a result, these immune reactions result in - ANSWER✔✔-more harm than benefit

(reaction is worse than the antigen)


Hypersensitivity types classified by - ANSWER✔✔-1.Time until response (seconds to

days)


2.Mechanism (cells and/or molecules responsible)


3.Types of damage caused


Hypersensitivity rapid response - ANSWER✔✔-Type 1,2,3


Hypersensitivity delayed response - ANSWER✔✔-Type 4


Sensitization stage - ANSWER✔✔-primary immune response


(normally muted)
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,Hypersensitivity stages - ANSWER✔✔-1. Sensitization


2 Effector


Effector stage - ANSWER✔✔-secondary immune response to same antigen


Type 1 hypersensitivity: allergy - ANSWER✔✔--inappropriate *IgE* response against a

harmless antigen




Most individuals have an immune response against the antigens, but it's usually IgM,

IgA, and/or IgG.




Allergy is also referred to as atopy (atopic reactions; atopic patients)


Atopic systemic allergy - ANSWER✔✔-anaphylaxis (vasodilation of blood vessels)


Atopic local allergy - ANSWER✔✔-depends on the location (hay fever, hives)


Type 1 What is an allergen? - ANSWER✔✔--substances that elicit an allergic (type I

hypersensitivity) response


They are usually soluble (glyco)proteins that contain multiple epitopes




They also usually have:


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, (1)Internal *enzymatic activity* (e.g. a protease)


(2)They may contain PAMPs (DAMPs)or PAMP (DAMPs)-like structures


(3)They usually enter the host through mucosal tissues at very small concentrations

(TH2 → IL-4/IL-13 → IgE)


Atopy - ANSWER✔✔-tendency to develop a heightened immune response against

something normally considered harmless




ex:Allergic Rhinitis (Hay fever)


-Asthma


-Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)


-Food allergies


IgE - ANSWER✔✔-type 1 hypersensitivity


-IgE antibodies act by cross-linking Fcε receptors on surfaces of immune cells


-Ig's not harmful by themselves; low levels in circulation


-Harm comes from interactions with Fcε receptors on effector cells


-*Effector cells release granules*


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