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Criminology-Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology-Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology-Exam 1 Questions withCorrect Answers
criminology - Answer-the scientific study of the nature, extent, cause, and control of
criminal behavior
interdisciplinary science - Answer-involving two or more academic fields
criminal justice - Answer-referring to the agencies of social control, such as police
departments, the courts, and correctional institutions that handle criminal offenders
utilitarianism - Answer-the view that people's behavior is motivated by the pursuit of
pleasure and the avoidance of pain
classical criminology - Answer-the theoretical perspective suggesting that (1) people
have free will to choose criminal or conventional behaviors; (2) people choose to
commit crime for reasons of greed or personal need; and (3) crime can be controlled
only by the fear of criminal sanctions
positivism - Answer-the branch of social science that uses the scientific method of the
natural sciences and suggests that human behavior is a product of social, biological,
psychological, or economic forces
scientific method - Answer-using verifiable principles and procedures for the systematic
acquisition of knowledge; typically involves formulating a problem, creating a
hypothesis, and collecting data through observation and experiment, to verify the
hypothesis
biosocial theory - Answer-approach to criminology that focuses on the interaction
between biological and social factors as they relate to crime
sociological criminology - Answer-approach to criminology, based on the work of
Quetelet and Durkheim, that focuses on the relationship between social factors and
crime
anomie - Answer-a lack of norms or clear social standards. because of rapidly shifting
moral values, the individual has few guides to what is socially acceptable
Chicago School - Answer-group of urban sociologist who studied the relationship
between environmental conditions and crime
socialization - Answer-process of human development and enculturation. socialization is
influenced by key social processes and institutions
, conflict theory - Answer-the view that human behavior is shaped by interpersonal
conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to further their own ends
critical criminology - Answer-the view that crime is a product of the capitalist system
developmental theory - Answer-the view that criminality is a dynamic process,
influenced by social experiences as well as individual characteristis
rational choice theory - Answer-the view that crime is a function of a decision-making
process in which the potential offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an
illegal act
trait theory - Answer-the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or
psychological traits
social structure theory - Answer-the view that disadvantaged economic class position is
a primary cause of crime
social process theory - Answer-the view that criminality is a function of people's
interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society
valid - Answer-actually measuring what one intends to measure
reliable - Answer-producing consistent results from one measurement to another
ex post facto law - Answer-a law applied retroactively to punish acts that were not
crimes before its passage, or one that raises the grade of an offense, or that renders an
act punishable in a more severe manner than it was when commited
white collar crime - Answer-illegal acts that capitalize on a person's status in the
marketplace. White-collar crimes may include theft, embezzlement, fraud, market
manipulation, restraint of trade, and false advertising
penology - Answer-subarea of criminology that focuses on the correction and control of
criminal offenders
rehabilitation - Answer-treatment of criminal offenders that is aimed at preventing future
criminal behavior
capital punishment - Answer-the execution of criminal offenders; the death penalty
mandatory sentences - Answer-a statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be
carried out in all cases of conviction for a specified offense or series of offenses
victimology - Answer-the study of the victim's role in criminal events
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