POLI 2051 FINAL Exam Questions Complete Answers Current Update (Verified A+ Pass)
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Module
POLI 2051
Institution
POLI 2051
POLI 2051 FINAL Exam Questions Complete Answers Current Update (Verified A+ Pass)
Cabinet - Answers - the group of presidential advisors who head the executive departments.
Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) - Answers - members advise the president on economic policy and prepare the Annual Re...
POLI 2051 FINAL Exam Questions
Complete Answers Current Update
(Verified A+ Pass)
Cabinet - Answers -✔✔ the group of presidential advisors who head the executive
departments.
Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) - Answers -✔✔ members advise the president on
economic policy and prepare the Annual Report of the CEA.
Crisis - Answers -✔✔ a sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event.
Impeachment - Answers -✔✔ the political equivalent of an indictment for removing a
discredited president.
Legislative veto - Answers -✔✔ a clause which allows Congress to override the action
of the executive.
National Security Council (NSC) - Answers -✔✔ a committee that links the president's
key foreign and military advisors.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) - Answers -✔✔ responsible for preparing the
president's budget and assessing the budgetary implications of legislative proposals.
Pocket veto - Answers -✔✔ this occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days after
submitting a bill and the president takes no action to sign it or veto it.
Presidential coattails - Answers -✔✔ where voters cast their ballots for congressional
candidates of the president's party because those candidates support the president.
Twenty-fifth Amendment - Answers -✔✔ passed in 1967, permits the vice president to
become acting president in the event that the president is temporarily disabled.
Twenty-second Amendment - Answers -✔✔ passed in 1951, limits presidents to two
terms.
Veto - Answers -✔✔ sending the legislation back to Congress with reasons for
rejecting it.
,War Powers Resolution - Answers -✔✔ passed in 1973, requires presidents to consult
with Congress prior to using military force and mandates the withdrawal of forces after
sixty days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension.
Watergate - Answers -✔✔ a political scandal involving President Nixon's abuse of his
powers.
Appropriations bill - Answers -✔✔ bill passed annually to fund an authorized program.
Authorization bill - Answers -✔✔ an act of Congress that establishes a discretionary
government program or an entitlement, or that continues or changes such programs.
Budget - Answers -✔✔ a policy document that allocates burdens (taxes) and benefits
(expenditures).
Budget resolution - Answers -✔✔ a bill setting limits on expenditures based on revenue
projections, agreed to by both houses of Congress in April each year.
Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 - Answers -✔✔ an act
designed to reform the budgeting process by making Congress less dependent on the
president's budget; established a fixed budget calendar and a budget committee in each
house.
Congressional Budget Office (CBO) - Answers -✔✔ research agency of Congress,
responsible to it for providing analyses of budget proposals, revenue forecasts, and
related information.
Continuing resolutions - Answers -✔✔ laws that allow agencies to spend at the
previous year's level.
Deficit - Answers -✔✔ occurs when government spends more money than it receives in
taxes in the fiscal year.
Entitlements - Answers -✔✔ expenditures for which the total amount spent is not by
congressional appropriation, but rather by rules of eligibility established by Congress.
Expenditures - Answers -✔✔ money spent by the government in any one year.
Federal debt - Answers -✔✔ all of the money borrowed by the government over the
years that is still outstanding.
House Ways and Means Committee - Answers -✔✔ responsible for originating all
revenue bills.
,Income tax - Answers -✔✔ the portion of money individuals are required to pay to the
government from the money they earned.
Incrementalism - Answers -✔✔ the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's
budget plus a little bit more.
Medicare - Answers -✔✔ in 1965, this program was added to Social Security to provide
hospital and physician coverage to the elderly.
Reconciliation - Answers -✔✔ revisions of program authorizations to make the final
budget meet the limits of the budget resolution, usually occurring toward the end of the
budgetary process.
Revenues - Answers -✔✔ money received by the government in any given year.
Senate Finance Committee - Answers -✔✔ responsible for writing the tax code.
Sixteenth Amendment - Answers -✔✔ passed in 1913, permits Congress to levy an
income tax.
Social Security Act - Answers -✔✔ passed to provide a minimal level of sustenance to
older Americans. Tax expenditures: revenue losses due to special exemptions,
exclusions, and deductions.
Uncontrollable expenditures - Answers -✔✔ result from policies that make some group
automatically eligible for benefits.
Administrative discretion - Answers -✔✔ authority of administrative actors to select
among various responses to a given problem, especially when rules do not fit or more
than one rule applies.
Bureaucracy - Answers -✔✔ implementers of policy.
Civil service - Answers -✔✔ promotes hiring on the basis of merit and establishes a
nonpartisan government service.
Command-and-control policy - Answers -✔✔ regulatory strategy where government
sets a requirement and then enforces individual and corporate actions to be consistent
with meeting the requirement.
Deregulation - Answers -✔✔ the withdrawal of the use of governmental authority to
control or change some practice in the private sector.
Executive orders - Answers -✔✔ regulations originating in the executive branch.
, Governmental corporations - Answers -✔✔ provide services that could be handled by
the private sector and generally charge cheaper rates than a private sector producer.
GS (General Service) rating - Answers -✔✔ assigned to each job in federal agencies,
this rating helps to determine the salary associated with the position.
Hatch Act - Answers -✔✔ passed in 1940, prohibits government workers from active
participation in partisan politics.
Incentive system - Answers -✔✔ regulatory strategy that rewards individuals or
corporations for desired types of behavior, usually through the tax code.
Independent executive agencies - Answers -✔✔ executive agencies that are not
cabinet departments, not regulatory commissions, and not government corporations.
Independent regulatory agency - Answers -✔✔ has responsibility for a sector of the
economy to protect the public interest.
Iron triangles - Answers -✔✔ refers to the strong ties among government agencies,
interest groups, and congressional committees and subcommittees.
Merit principle - Answers -✔✔ using entrance exams and promotion ratings for hiring
workers.
Office of Personnel Management (OPM) - Answers -✔✔ responsible for hiring for most
agencies.
Patronage - Answers -✔✔ a hiring and promotion system based on knowing the right
people.
Pendleton Civil Service Act - Answers -✔✔ passed in 1883, it created the federal Civil
Service.
Policy implementation - Answers -✔✔ the stage of policymaking between the
establishment of a policy and the results of the policy for individuals.
Regulation - Answers -✔✔ the use of governmental authority to control or change
some practice in the private sector.
Senior Executive Service - Answers -✔✔ the very top level of the bureaucracy.
Standard operating procedures - Answers -✔✔ detailed rules written to cover as many
particular situations as officials can anticipate to help bureaucrats implement policies
uniformly.
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