NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials ofPathophysiology
Exam 2 (Latest 2024 /2025) Rasmussen questions with
complete solution
What are the functions of the kidneys? - correct answer Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate vitamin D
What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - correct answer
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention, decreased stream
What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? - correct
answer ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - correct answer peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - correct answer
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety-
hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting? - correct answer glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1 diabetes? -
correct answer adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - correct answer myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - correct answer Goiter,
fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - correct answer fatigue,
body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - correct answer
numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - correct answer fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - correct answer negative
feedback loop
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - correct answer Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, LH,
ACTH and endorphins
What is diabetes insipidus? - correct answer a disorder caused by inadequate amounts
of ADH which causes excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - correct answer polyuria, nocturia,
continuous thirst, and polydipsia
clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - correct answer Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back and
pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops stretch
marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe psychiatric
disturbance -
, NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials ofPathophysiology
Exam 2 (Latest 2024 /2025) Rasmussen questions with
complete solution
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - correct answer Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - correct answer fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - correct answer hypertension and
hypokalemia
clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - correct answer High blood
pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. -
Muscle weakness. -
Numbness.
What is myxedema? - correct answer severe hypothyroidism; non pitting edema
What are the causes of hypothyroidism? - correct answer Hashimoto's disease: most
common when the immune system attacks the thyroid cells
- after surgical or radioactive treatment for hyperthyroidism
- head or neck radiation for cancer
- iodine deficiency
What are the three p's in diabetes? - correct answer polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders? - correct
answer Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands,
malfunction of the hormone producing gland; Secondary endocrine disease is indicative
of a problem with the pituitary gland.
What is the cause of Cushing syndrome? - correct answer Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis? - correct answer Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
What is chronic gastritis? - correct answer Chronic mucosal inflammatory changes
leading to atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. This is mostly due to H. Pylori, but in some
cases it can be autoimmune.
What causes gastritis? - correct answer Acute - circulatory disturbances (shock) and
exposure to exogenous irritants (drugs [aspirin], alcohol, chemicals, lactose intolerance)
Chronic - cause is unknown
is probably mediated by immunologic mechanism or related to infection with H. pylori
What is amenorrhea? - correct answer - absence of menstruation
