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Criminology Exam #1- Diamond (TCU) Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology Exam #1- Diamond (TCU) Questions with Correct Answers
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Criminology Exam #1- Diamond (TCU)Questions with Correct Answers
Requirements of Crime - Answer-1. Voluntary & rational act (intent must be present;
must have mens rea)
2. Creates harm to people or to society as a whole
3. Must violate a codified law (changes across generations)
Mala in se - Answer-Inherently evil (i.e. rape, murder, etc.)
Mala prohibida - Answer-Crimes that are crimes just because we say they are (i.e. drug
laws, Internet laws, etc.)
Great American Crime Drop - Answer-In the 1980s, crime spiked across the board (in
homicide, MVT, and burglary. This spike continued into the 1990s but dropped
dramatically in the early 2000s. This is known as what?
Who created the Routine Activities Theory? - Answer-Cohen & Felson
Routine Activities Theory - Answer-Explains the volume of crime (how much crime is
occurring) and the distribution of crime (where it's occurring) [ESPECIALLY predatory
crimes]
Three things must occur for a crime to take place according to the Routine Activities
Theory: - Answer-1. Motivated offender- there must be someone within that time and
space that is capable and willing to commit a crime
2. Lack of a capable guardian- whether it be a house or a car, etc. there must be a lack
of guardianship (even security alarms or lock systems are guardians; it does not have to
be a human
3. Suitable target- there must be some sort of item or person that is deemed valuable
enough to become a suitable target
A suitable target is made via... - Answer-High exposure- must be easily accessible to
the offender; out in the open; easy to take or take advantage of
High attractiveness- must be highly attractive to the offender--whether the item or
person is attractive monetarily, physically, or even symbolically
Who created the Social Disorganization Theory? - Answer-Shaw & McKay, Chicago
(early 1900s)
Social Disorganization Theory - Answer-This theory says that it doesn't matter who lives
in a high crime area. What matters is the actual location of the area in which crime is
being committed in high volumes. Also said that crime breeds more crime/certain
neighborhoods breed crime because of their location, not the people who live in them.
, Motivated offender + lack of a capable guardian + suitable target = - Answer-
Opportunity which leads to crime
7 Critiques of Self Control Theory/General Theory of Crime: - Answer-1. Tautology
2. Doesn't explain all crimes (i.e. corporate crime)
3. Other theories matter (obviously)
4. Genetic/heritable
5. Executive function of the brain
6. It's a muscle that fluctuates (levels are not constant and are reliant on many moving
factors)
7. Stability hypothesis (can be influenced and changed over time, especially with age)
Perceptual Deterrence - Answer-It's not the actual punishments that matter, it's the
offender's perception of punishment that matters
Differential Enforcement - Answer-Police presence is not equally distributed; there are
more police in socially disorganized neighborhoods because more crime occurs and
those crimes typically tend to be more violent
Social Disorganization leads to... - Answer-More violence
Incarceration & incapacitation are progressive when... - Answer-They occur at low rates
(currently not happening in our criminal justice system)
Policies that Link with Social Disorganization Theory: - Answer-1. Broken Windows
Theory- if you clean neighborhoods up and pour more money into them, it is possible
that crime may decrease
2. Community policing- new style of policing in which law enforcement officers engage
with the community on a more personal level that is non-threatening to most residents
(takes time to develop repertoire)
In order for a neighborhood or area to be "socially disorganized" it must have these
three components: - Answer-1. Population turnover
2. Ethnic heterogeneity
3. Concentrated poverty
ALL LACK collective efficiency (they can't work together, thus causing disorganization)
Rational Choice Theory - Answer-Says that there is no such thing as a "senseless
crime"; relies heavily on cost-benefit train of thought
Containment Theory - Answer-You have forces both for and against crime (pressures,
pulls, biological pushes, outer containments, and inner containments)
Who created the Containment Theory? - Answer-Walter Reckless (1950s)
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