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Sociology Criminology Exam 1 Questions with Complete Answers
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Sociology Criminology Exam 1 Questions with Complete Answers
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Sociology Criminology Exam 1Questions with Complete Answers
Sociological criminology - Answer--Criminology is a subfield within sociology that is
centered on the scientific study of
-creation of criminal law
-definitions, causes, and dynamics of criminal behavior
-consequences of, and effects to prevent/control crime
-Involves numerous academic disciplines; i.e. interdisciplinary
-
Sociological Imagination - Answer-Seeing the connection between personal events and
larger society
-Private troubles (individuals)
-Public issues (social)
Deviance - Answer-equals crime
Deviance - Answer-Attitudes
Behaviors
Conditions
-That society finds offensive, wrong, or in violation of expectations
Social norms - Answer-Rules that make explicit social expectations about what is
appropriate behavior for particular people in specific situations
-Deviance exists because we have social norms
3 elements of social norms - Answer-Expectations, violations, and reactions
Deviance equals
Crime equals - Answer-violation of a norm
violation of a law
Criminalization - Answer-process where by criminal law is selectively applied to social
behavior
Involves:
-enacting social legislation outlawing certain behaviors
-surveillance /policing of those behaviors
-if detected, punishment of those behaviors
mala in se crimes - Answer-offenses that are wrong by their very nature, theirs a victim
Examples: murder, rape, pedophilia, theft, arson
mala prohibita crimes - Answer-offenses prohibted by law but not wrong in themselves
, Examples: speeding, drugs, loitering, vagrancy
John Hagan - Answer-Debate: Should and can laws be used to legislate morality?
Mill and Hart say..... - Answer-criminal law exists to prevent people from doing harm to
others; if they aren't hurting anyone than the law should stay out of people's private
moral conduct
Stephen and Devlin say.... - Answer-criminal law does need to regulate private morality
so as to cultivate personal responsibility
John Hagan: The Origin of Laws - Answer-Consensus: laws are a product of shared
customs and harms; thus you cannot separate law from morality (the latter is the
foundation of the former)-Stephen and Devlin
Conflict: laws are "weapons" used by more powerful groups to enforce their own
morality and self interests and control other (less powerful) groups; thus the legislation
of morality is selective and advantages some groups over others-Mill and Hart
Hagan - Answer--Laws cannot be very effective at controlling immoral behavior if we
have different ideas about what is immoral (no consensus)
Informants - Answer-violations of norms that take place in private usually have no
witnesses and no complainants; this leads police to seek informants and frequently
leads to corruption
Status groups - Answer-determine the content of the law
Three law and social order perspectives - Answer-Consensus
Pluralistic
Conflict
Consensus - Answer--Most members of society agree on what is right and wrong and
various institutions in society work together toward a shared vision of the greater good
-The law serves the collective will of the people and serves all people equally
Pluralistic - Answer--Society is increasingly complex and consensus is hard to find.
Groups have their own agendas and values
-Yet most still agree that the law is necessary for peace-keeping and settling disputes
-State officials are unbiased and have society's best interest in mind
Conflict - Answer--Conflict is a fundamental part of social life, in inevitable and can
never be fully resolved
-Law is a tool for the power that furthers the interests of those powerful enough to make
it
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