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criminology exam questions and answers
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criminology exam questions andanswers
criminologist - Answer-one who studies crime, criminals and criminal behavior
criminology - Answer-3 components - study of the process of...
1- making laws
2-breaking laws
3- reacting towards the breaking of laws
ideology - Answer-a set of beliefs or values that all of us develop, usually
unconsciously, a/b the way the world is or ought to be.
"an ideology serves the interest of one segment of a society more than all other
segments"
3 perspectives used to define crime - Answer-legalistic, normative, conflict/ political
legalistic - Answer-most objective and straight forward
paul tappin: an international air in VIOLATION OF CRIMINAL LAW, committed w/ out
defense or excuse and PENALIZED BY THE STATE as a felony or misdemeanor
edwin sutherland: "behavior that is prohibited by the state as an injury to the state and
against which the state may react.... by punishment. an unlawful act is not defined as
criminal by the punishment, but by the fact it is punishable Nr
FOCUS: behaviors that are criminalized, detected or reported to law enforcement
variations in legalistic definition - Answer-most straight forward and objective
perspective
still includes lots of grey areas
---> age, medical weed, alcohol, heroin, jaywalking
normative - Answer-rejecting legal definitions of crime
-Hermann mannheim: all antisocial behavior should be studied
-Thorsten Sellin: criminology as the study of violations of conduct norms
FOCUS: violation of conduct norms, behaviors judged to be antisocial, Antisocial/
deviant behavior
if act diff. than social society even if behavior not criminal, thought they should study
those people
anything causes harm= illegal
, Conflict/ political - Answer--critical approach: political and economic forces play a critical
role in defining crime and deviance
political and economic environment that criminalize or decriminalize certain act should
be the focus of criminology
Taylor et al: " crime is ever and always that behavior seen to be problematic w/ in the
framework of those SOCIAL ARRANGEMENTS: for crime to be abolished then those
social arrangements themselves must also be subject to fundamental social change
Herman & julia: violations if human rights
law enforcement in interest of those in power
powder drug = crack/cocaine harder punishment than the elite drug= powder cocaine,
jail time uneven
criminology as science - Answer-two essential components of science, theory and
methodology
theory - Answer-effort to explain or make sense of the world, revolving around the "why"
of crime criminalization and similar concern
methodology - Answer-techniques or methods that criminologists use as they attempt to
determine the "whys" of crime
how does the political ideology impact criminology and criminal justice system? -
Answer-ideology depends on the conservative and the liberal sides of the system
it determines things like prison sentences, death penalty, etc.
ideology and criminology - Answer-scientific approach seems like an objective process
criminology may not be so purely objective
Ideology and criminology - conservative - Answer--advocate broad use of death penalty
-favor low age of criminal responsibility for juveniles
-favor high levels of incarceration for drug users
-favor mandatory and minimum prison sentences for many crimes
- favor long prison sentences for many types of crimes and criminals
-favor use of criminal laws to control vices
-favor harsh prison conditions
ideology and criminology- progressive - Answer--oppose use of death penalty
-favor higher age of criminal responsibility for juveniles
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