Degenerative Musculoskeletal Disorders Prep Exam Questions And Answers Rated A+.
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Module
Spinal disorders
Institution
Spinal Disorders
The nursing instructor is explaining osteoarthritis to a group of student nurses. During the practicum, the instructor asks a student nurse to assess a client for symptoms of osteoarthritis. Which action by the student nurse indicates effective learning? - Answer asking the patient if he or she ...
Degenerative Musculoskeletal Disorders
Prep Exam Questions And Answers Rated
A+.
The nursing instructor is explaining osteoarthritis to a group of student nurses. During the practicum, the
instructor asks a student nurse to assess a client for symptoms of osteoarthritis. Which action by the
student nurse indicates effective learning? - Answer asking the patient if he or she experiences joint
pain and if it worsens in the morning
Which question helps assess for signs and symptoms of lumbar degenerative disc disorder? - Answer
Do you have pain in the lower back that radiates down the back of the leg?
Which results does the nurse observe in the blood report of a patient diagnosed with softening of bones
caused by vitamin D deficiency? - Answer low calcium levels
While caring for a patient with abnormal narrowing of the spinal cord, the nurse determines that the
disease has become severe. Which symptom supports the nurse's conclusion? - Answer impaired
bladder function
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis? - Answer -gender
-age
-hyperparathyroidism
-long-term use of corticosteroids
Unusual x-ray images of a 14-month old infant reveal bowed femurs and tibias. Costochondral swelling
and asymmetry of the thoracic cage are also noted. Blood laboratory reports reveal hypocalcemia,
elevated PTH, and decreased vitamin D. - Answer Rickets
-Rickets is a condition of weakened bones due to lack of vitamin D and/or calcium that affects children,
most commonly those younger than age 2.
-A pronounced bow-legged appearance is a hallmark of the disease, as well as a deformed thoracic cage.
, -In this case, as vitamin D is low, so is calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and subsequent PTH
secretion.
Debbie, who works as an administrative assistant, is overweight and leads a sedentary lifestyle. She
recently turned 50 and presents with a primary complaint of joint pain, especially in the morning, and
notes that her joints "snap" and "pop." She states the pain makes her not want to stay in bed. At work,
her hands often hurt while typing. Examination of her hands reveals the presence of Heberden's nodes. -
Answer Osteoarthritis
-Osteoarthritis is degeneration of the joints resulting in pain and stiffness, especially in the morning.
-Previous joint trauma is often a precipitating factor.
-Crepitus, or joint "clicking," is also a common sign of osteoarthritis.
-Heberden's nodes develop in the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis of the fingers. -Mild to
moderate activity can help with the symptoms of osteoarthritis, so Debbie's sedentary lifestyle may
contribute to her pain.
Gerald, age 62, has suffered from pain and neuropathy from degenerative disc disease in the
lumbosacral area for the past 8 years. He has treated his condition with over-the-counter anti-
inflammatories, stretching, and occasional chiropractic appointments. His history shows worsening
symptoms over the years. Gerald has been considering surgery to relieve his pain. Today, however, his
wife has called the clinic very upset as Gerald has lost bladder and bowel function, and sensation in his
leg. Hearing this, you know Gerald's condition is now a medical emergency. - Answer Cauda equina
syndrome
-The cauda equine (horse's tail) is located at the base of the spinal cord.
-The nerve fibers innervate the sphincters for urination and defecation.
-They also innervate the perineum and are involved in sexual function.
-Stenosis and degeneration of this area of the spine may impinge on these nerves to such an extent that
bladder and bowel function are lost.
-When this occurs, it is a medical emergency.
Bill, age 66, lives in northern Minnesota. Because he has had two basal cell carcinomas, Bill is now a self-
described "sunscreen addict." He avoids the sun at all costs. He states that he does not take any vitamin
or mineral supplements. His diet consists primarily of snacking as he lives alone and does not like to
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