organic compounds contain:
carbon
1 carbon prefix:
meth-
2 carbon prefix:
eth-
3 carbon prefix:
prop-
4 carbon prefix:
but-
5 carbon prefix:
pent-
6 carbon prefix:
hex-
7 carbon prefix:
hept-
8 carbon prefix:
-oct
alkanes contain:
single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
alkanes end in:
-ane
rule 1- to chose where the bond of interest is:
count from both sides and chose the lowest value
alkenes contain:
carbon and hydrogen atoms and at least one set of double-bonded carbon atoms
alkenes end in:
-ene
alkynes contain:
carbon and hydrogen atoms and at least one set of triple-bonded carbon atoms
alkynes end in:
-yne
primary alcohol:
the carbon atoms carrying the -OH group is only attached to a single alkyl group
secondary alcohol:
the carbon atom carrying the -OH group is attached to two alkyl groups
tertiary alcohol:
the carbon atom carrying the -OH group is attached to three alkyl groups
alcohols contain:
-OH group
, alcohols end in:
-ol
aldehydes contain:
a carbon atom that is double bonded to an oxygen, single bonded to a hydrogen and
then bonded to some further chemical group
aldehydes end in:
-al
ketones contain:
a carbon doubled bonded to an oxygen and then has two seperate single bonds to
further chemical groups
ketones end in:
-one
carboxylic acids contain:
-COOH group
carboxylic acids end in:
-oic acid
amines contain:
-CNH2 group
amines end in:
-amine
amides contain:
-CONH2 group
amides end in:
-amide
halogen fluorine prefix:
fluoro-
halogen chlorine prefix:
chloro-
halogen bromine prefix:
bromo-
halogen iodine prefix:
-iodo
steps to name halogenated organic compounds:
count longest carbon chain- after prefix; locate halogens and count from end that give
lowest value; multiple halogens- prefix di/tri
saturated:
can't dissolve any more solid
structural isomers:
two compounds with the same molecular formula, but different bonding
chain isomers
different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
position isomers:
different location of functional group
functional group isomers:
based on changes to functional group
structure and bonding experiments:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller SUPERGRADES01. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £7.34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
