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PHM 431 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Answers
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PHM 431 Exam 1 Questions with Complete Answers
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PHM 431 Exam 1 Questions withComplete Answers
Drug addiction is both a.... - Answer-medical problem -- disorder attributed to a
measurable change in function and/or structure of cell tissues/organs
psychological problem -- behaviors that negatively impact multiple life areas creating
stress
What factors contribute to substance use disorder/drug addiction? - Answer-Biological
(genetics, developmental--early exposure)
Environmental (SES, friends, family, coping skills, frequency of exposure)
The ________ a person is using addictive drugs, the _________ likely they are to have
a lifelong addiction - Answer-younger, more
Costs to society due to substance use (3) - Answer-1. Productivity -- lost wages,
resources diverted
2. Health -- costs for treatment of addiction, costs for treatment of drug abuse related
diseases
3. Other -- criminal justice costs, social welfare costs
Estimated economic cost to society due to substance abuse/addiction - Answer-559
billion/yr
(tobacco highest, alcohol middle, illegal drugs lowest)
Treatment is _________ expensive than not treating or incarceration - Answer-less
Key brain circuit in drug addiction? - Answer-Mesolimbic dopamine system (reward
pathway)
Drugs will be addictive if they produce ____________, which leads to __________ -
Answer-euphoria, craving
Faster the onset & more intense the __________, the __________ the addiction liability
- Answer-euphoria, higher
Mesolimbic system is a late or early maturing brain pathway? - Answer-late
Components of mesolimbic dopamine system (4) - Answer-1. prefrontal cortex
2. nucleus accumbens
3. ventral tegmental area
4. dopamine neurons
, Monitoring the Future Study - Answer-study of drug use patterns among US teenagers,
tracks drug use in a sample of US teens on a yearly basis
In the MTF study, we saw an ________ trend between perceived health risk & use of
the drug - Answer-inverse
Drugs are _______ likely to be addictive if they reliably produce euphoria or pleasant
feelings - Answer-more
(drug intake/euphoria is reinforcing as the subject wishes to take the drug repeatedly)
Drug _________ can lead to addiction, but does not equal addiction - Answer-
dependence
Drug dependence is associated with? - Answer-drug withdrawal
All drugs can create ____________, but not all drugs create ____________ - Answer-
dependence, addiction
Biological state that develops as result of tolerance to drug effects, involves a resetting
of mechanisms maintaining homeostasis - Answer-physical dependence
Occurs when drug administration stops & homeostasis is disrupted, signs/symptoms are
generally opposite to the responses caused by drug administration - Answer-withdrawal
symptoms
What reinforces drug intake/potentiates addiction? (3) - Answer-1. euphoria
2. avoidance of withdrawal
3. withdrawal symptoms
Development of addiction & dependence are associated with changes in ___________,
these changes can persist for _____________________ - Answer-gene expression,
month to years
Hydrophilic - Answer-water loving, polar
Hydrophobic - Answer-water hating, nonpolar
Cell membranes are... - Answer-semi-permeable
Semi-permeable lipid bilayer allows passage of ______________ molecules and limits
passage of ____________ molecules - Answer-nonpolar/hydrophobic
polar/hydrophilic
polar heads facing aqueous environment, hydrophobic tails facing each other
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