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Memory, Theory of Mind, and Intelligence Review Questions with complete answers
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Memory, Theory of Mind, and Intelligence Review Questions with complete answers
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Memory, Theory of Mind, and IntelligenceReview Questions with complete answers
Terms in this set (200)
Original
Social Cognition
Thinking about the thoughts, feelings, motives, and behavior of the self and other people
Theory of Mind
An ability to mentalize, predict, and explain behavior, developing from 'Desire Psychology' at 2 years to
'Belief-Desire Psychology' at age 4
Desire Psychology
Earliest theory of mind at 2 years, understanding that people's wants guide their behavior
Belief-Desire Psychology
Theory of mind at age 4, understanding that people's wants and beliefs guide their behavior, passing the
'false belief task'
False-Belief Task
At around age 4, a test showing understanding that people can hold incorrect beliefs influencing their
behavior
Crackers vs Broccoli Experiment
An experiment by Alison Gopnik showing 18-month-olds giving what the experimenter likes, demonstrating
understanding of desires
,Factors Promoting Theory of Mind Development
Neurological maturation, cognitive changes, language development, secure attachment, interactions,
pretend play, mirror neurons
Autism and Theory of Mind
Children with autism struggle with Theory of Mind due to challenges in lying or filtering information
Memory
The retention of information over time
Anterograde Amnesia
Inability to form new memories
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of memories from the past
Encoding
The process of getting information into memory, requiring attention and effort
Consolidation
Organizing and preparing information for storage
Storage
Retaining information over time, with the risk of decay
,Retrieval
The process of getting information out of memory, with the risk of retrieval failure
Recognition
Identifying a previously encountered stimulus, often tested with multiple-choice questions
Is better for accessing memory
Recall
Retrieving information about the past without clues, as in essay questions
Dual-Store Memory
The concept that short-term and long-term memory are separate, proposed by William James
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
A model of memory with sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory
Baddeley's Contribution
Added working memory, central executive, and three types of short-term memory to the memory model
Central Executive
Manipulates information, sends to and receives from long term memory
Working Memory Characteristics
Pulls all together to make episodic memory. Example: Personal experience of Lifespan, Vision: words on the
screen
, Short Term Memory (STM) as a Funnel
Information must pass through to get into long term memory, Limits what can go into long term memory,
finite size
Short Term Memory (STM) as a Filter
Selects what information we process, what we attend to/ignore. Limited in infancy, decrease in old age
Short Term Memory (STM) as a Processor
Processes info to enable transfer to long term memory. Holds information while we think about it. Limited
in infancy, decrease in old age
Long Term Memory
Includes Conscious/Declarative and Unconscious/Procedural memory types
Conscious/Declarative Memory
Explicit memory including semantic and episodic memory. Brain structure: Hippocampus
Unconscious/Procedural Memory
Implicit memory including procedural, skills memory. Brain structure: Cerebellum
Automatic Processing
Unconscious encoding of space, context, time, and frequency
Encoding Strategies
Include Rehearsal, Chunking/Organization, and Elaboration
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