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Cognitive Psych Final Exam (Parts 1-12) Review Questions with complete answers
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Study of mental processing such as perception, memory, language, decision making, etc. - What is cognitive psychology? Behaviorists believed you could not study internal events and that you could only study observable behavior (the dog salivates to bell) • Behaviorists believed we're like sti...

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  • November 18, 2024
  • 18
  • 2024/2025
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  • cognitive psych final exam parts 1 12 review que

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  • AP Psychology
  • AP Psychology

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Cognitive Psych Final Exam (Parts 1-12)
Review Questions with complete answers

Study of mental processing such as perception, memory, language, decision making, etc. -
✔✔What is cognitive psychology?


Behaviorists believed you could not study internal events and that you could only study
observable behavior (the dog salivates to bell)


• Behaviorists believed we're like stimulus- response machines (no study of the in-between
mental processing) - ✔✔What did the behaviorists believe you could and could not study
and why was this bad for cognitive psychology?


The cognitive revolution was a reaction against behaviorism in that it led to the legitimate
study of mental processing - ✔✔What was the cognitive revolution?


The information processing approach assumes that the way humans process information is
similar to computers


We intake information, process it cognitively, and then output information - ✔✔What was
human information processing compared to in the Information Processing (IP) approach?


Bottom-up processing is sensory-driven and concerns information straight from the
environment to our senses


Top-down processing is knowledge-driven and utilizes previously-stored information (often
comes from the surrounding context) and allow us to understand (disambiguate) our
environment


We are using both in a complex, interactive manner - ✔✔Be able to distinguish between
top-down and bottom-up processing. What are some examples of each? Which is used more
often?

,• Cognitive neuroscience is the study of the nervous system in conjunction with mental
processing


• Cognitive Psychology does not necessarily have a biological component (e.g., emotional
memory). However, the two are often combined (Cognitive neuroscience).


o Cognitive Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system in conjunction with mental
processing. All mental processing has an associated biological correlate - ✔✔What is
cognitive neuroscience? How is it related to cognitive psychology?


o The cell body maintains basic cell functioning (contains nucleus)


o The dendrites receive signals from other neurons


o The axon sends electrical signals down the neuron


o The axon terminals send signals to another neuron - ✔✔What are the main parts of a
neuron that we discussed in class, what function do the parts serve, and where are they
located on a neuron?


• Frontal Lobe- in the front
~ high level of cognitive processing
~ problem solving, decision making, logic and reasoning, planning
• Temporal- in front of occipital
~ hearing, memory, language
• Parietal- above temporal lobe
~ touch, special info, motor skills
• Occipital- back
~ vision - ✔✔Be able to name and list the functions of the four lobes of the cerebral
cortex.


• Involves the conscious processing from the stimulation of senses


• Must have sensation before we perceive something, however they do not always match -
✔✔What is perception? Doe sensation always match perception?

, Sensory receptors changing environmental stimuli into electrical energy - ✔✔What is
transduction?


o The ability to focus on specific things or locations in our environment - ✔✔What is
attention?


Attending to one things while ignoring others


We filter out much of the incoming sensory signals (this is adaptive) - ✔✔What is
selective attention?


• We filter info based on physical characteristics (like sound) before any meaning is
processed


• Only info related to what we select based on physical characteristics get into the
cognitive system


• People do not usually recognize info in the unattended channel - ✔✔What are the
bottleneck (filter) theories of attention? How do we select/filter information according to
the early-selection theory?


• Kahneman's Capacity Model
• Attention is dependent upon how much resources a task consumes because we have
limited pool of cognitive resources
• Tasks are additive in terms of cognitive resources
• When we are doing multiple tasks at once, we are diving our attention which hurts
performance
• Some tasks are more demanding while other tasks are easier
• More demanding tasks require more attentional resources - ✔✔What is the capacity
model of attention? How is it different from the bottleneck (filter) theories?


Our ability to selectively attend to things is reliant upon the prefrontal cortex in the
frontal lobe - ✔✔What area of the brain is mainly responsible for focus and inhibition?


Sensory Memory

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