Virginia Tech - Introduction to Psychology
Exam 2 (Hoffman)
"Day Residue" - ANS - Dreams are the product of neurons firing at night because we
used those same neurons during the day
(Aaron Beck) Depression results from negative views of self, environment, and future;
magnifies errors and misfortunes - ANS - Causes of Depression: Cognitive Theories
3 General Categories of Psychoactive Drugs - ANS - -Stimulates
-Depressants
-Hallucinogens
3 General Effects of Psychoactive Drugs - ANS - -Alter mood: Stimulate reward in the
brain - Mesolimbic Pathway
-Alter energy levels
-Produce hallucinations
60 Minutes Report - ANS - 233 convicted criminals have been cleared due to DNA
evidence
Accommodation - ANS - Adjustment; Modifying existing knowledge in response to new
input
Adolescent Egocentrisism - ANS - (Elkind) Adolescents think differently than adults
Adulthood: Cognitive Development - ANS - Ability to recall new information decreases
during early and middle adulthood, but ability to recognize new information doesn't
Adulthood: Social Development: Social Clock - ANS - Culturally preferred timing of social
events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement
Ainsworth's 4 Categories of Attachment - ANS - Measured a child's response to their
mother after brief separation (Strange Situation)
Alcohol Consumption on sleep - ANS - Alcohol is a sedative, helps you fall asleep
initially; as it's metabolized, stages get disrupted and you get less deep sleep and REM;
2nd half of night isn't as restful
Alcoholism - ANS - Overuse and need for alcohol, use in inappropriate contexts
, Amplitude - ANS - Distance from a trough to crest of wave
Approximately 50% of people have some family history; genes may affect production of
neurotransmitters - ANS - Causes of Depression: Biological Theories/Genetic Factors
Assimilation - ANS - Incorporation; interpreting new information in terms of existing
knowledge
Attachment - ANS - Want to be near caregiver, experience separation anxiety, cling to
caregiver when frightened
Attention - ANS - What we are consciously aware of is a subset of all that's around us,
brings information into our consciousness
Authoritarian Parenting Style - ANS - Impose rules and expect obedience
Authoritative Parenting Style - ANS - Both demanding and responsive; exert control by
setting rules, but especially with older children, encourage open discussion and allow
exceptions
Autism Spectrum Disorder - ANS - A disorder marked by social deficiencies and
repetitive behavior; diagnosis is increasing
Biological factors that influence development - ANS - Evolution, genes, hormones, and
the brain
Biopsychosocial approach to development - ANS - Considers biological, psychological,
and social-cultural factors that influence individual development
Blocks Acetylcholine receptors - ANS - Neurotransmitters involved in Scopolamine
Chemical composition similar to LSD and Seratonin - ANS - Neurotransmitters involved
in DMT
Circadian Rhythms - ANS - Sleep cycle is based on this - internal patterns of bodily
functions over a ~24 hour period
Cocktail Party Phenomenon - ANS - The ability to pay attention to a 'foreground'
conversation despite the sounds of a 'background' one
Concrete Operational Stage of Cognitive Development - ANS - (7-11) Logical thinking
about observable, straightforward events; understanding abstract qualities such as
conservation of mass and volume
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