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Rafi Renal- Questions And Well Detailed Answers
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Rafi Renal- Questions And Well Detailed Answers
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Rafi Renal- Questions And Well Detailed AnswersA 63-year-old man attends the dialysis unit three times a week to receive
haemofiltration. In normal functioning kidneys, what detects changes in salt
concentrations (such as sodium chloride) and adapts the glomerular filtration
rate accordingly?
Juxtaglomerular cells
Mesangial cells
Podocytes
Macula densa
Principal cells Right Ans - Macula desna
Which substance can be used to achieve the most accurate measurement of
the glomerular filtration rate?
Glucose
Protein
Inulin
Creatinine
Para-amino hippuric acid Right Ans - Inulin
Which one of the following reduces the secretion of renin?
Erect posture
Adrenaline
Hyponatraemia
Hypotension
Beta-blockers Right Ans - Beta Blockers
A 65-year-old man is referred with hypertension. He has a past medical
history of angina and peripheral vascular disease. On examination you note a
left sided renal bruit.
What is the best method to assess renal blood flow in this patient?
Inulin clearance
Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation
Para-aminohippurate (PAH) clearance
,Cockcroft-Gault equation
Serum creatinine Right Ans - PAH clearance
An 85-year-old woman is found collapsed in her home. She is taken to the
hospital for further investigations and is found to be hypotensive secondary to
dehydration. Which of the following is the most likely physiological reaction?
Renin release due to reduced perfusion of organs
Decreased aldosterone secretion
Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole of the glomerulus due to increased levels
of angiotensin II
Decreased ADH secretion leading to increased water resorption in the
collecting duct
Increased parasympathetic tone due to baroreceptor reflex Right Ans -
Renin release due to reduced perfusion of organs
What are the most likely effects of the release of vasopressin from the
pituitary?
Vasoconstriction of the afferent glomerular arteriole
Increased permeability of the mesangial cells to glucose
Reduced permeability of the inner medullary portion of the collecting duct to
urea
Increased secretion of aldosterone from the macula densa
Increased water permeability of the distal tubule cells of the kidney Right
Ans - Increased water permeability of the distal tubule cells of the kidney
A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department with hypotension
following a road traffic accident. How does angiotensin II act to increase the
filtration fraction in the kidney?
Vasoconstriction of the efferent glomerular arteriole
Vasoconstriction of the afferent glomerular arteriole
Vasodilation of the efferent glomerular arteriole
Vasodilation of the afferent glomerular arteriole
Vasoconstriction of the renal artery" Right Ans - Vasoconstriction of the
efferent glomerular arteriole
"
,A man becomes dehydrated due to diarrhoea and vomiting. This is detected
by his kidneys and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated. This
increases the pressure across the glomerulus and maintains glomerular
filtration rate.
What is the normal passage of blood through this area?
afferent arteriole- glomerular capillary bed- efferent arteriole- peritubular
capillaries and medullary vasa recta
afferent arteriole- glomerular capillary bed- peritubular capillaries and
medullary vasa recta- efferent arteriole
glomerular capillary bed- afferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries and
medullary vasa recta- efferent arteriole
efferent arteriole- glomerular capillary bed- afferent arteriole- peritubular
capillaries and medullary vasa recta
afferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries and medullary vasa recta-
glomerular capillary bed- efferent arteriole
" Right Ans - afferent arteriole- glomerular capillary bed- efferent arteriole-
peritubular capillaries and medullary vasa recta
Where do the renal arteries recieve their blood supply from
Coeliac trunk
thoracic aorta
splenic artery
abdominal aorta
gonadal artery Right Ans - abdominal artery
what is the main anterior relation to the right kidney
diaphragm
stomach
Liver
pancreas
adrenal gland" Right Ans - liver
, "
the renal corpuslce consists of the glomerulus and bowmans capsule. where is
it found in the kidney
the renal pelvus
the hilum
the medulla
the cortex
the papilla" Right Ans - the cortex
"
approximately how many nephrons are found in each kidney
1,000,000
1,000
10
100,000
100" Right Ans - 1,000,000
"
what type of epithelium lines the proximal convoluted tubule
simple cuboidal
stratified cuboidal
transitional
squamous
simple columnar" Right Ans - simple cuboidal
"
what connects the loop of henle to the collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubule
glomerulus
distal convoluted tubule
ureter
efferent arteriole" Right Ans - distal convoluted tubule
"
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