intramuscular - --ANSWER---drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal - --ANSWER---needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into space
around the spinal cord
intravenous - --ANSWER---injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous - --ANSWER---needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
,Bioavailablility - --ANSWER---how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of
action
Bioequivalent - --ANSWER---when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also produce
virtually the same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence - --ANSWER---production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion - --ANSWER---Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine feces, bile,
saliva, and exhaled air
medication error - --ANSWER---failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders - --ANSWER---a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills - --ANSWER---a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid such as
syrup and rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules - --ANSWER---a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others encased
within a gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet - --ANSWER---pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and
bulk filling material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents
Capsules - --ANSWER---medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external shell; can
be pulled apart for access to contents
sustained release - --ANSWER---several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at different rates
Enteric Coating - --ANSWER---dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only starts to
digest in the intestines
,caplets - --ANSWER---shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file make
swallowing easier
gel caps - --ANSWER---an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion - --ANSWER---two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs - --ANSWER---control localized infections or inflammation and require very low dosages to be
effective
Types of drug despensing - --ANSWER---OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction - --ANSWER---exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic effects
Type B (idiosyncratic) - --ANSWER---results from mechanisms that are not currently understood; largely
unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic) - --ANSWER---These persist for a long time
Type D delayed - --ANSWER---these take some time to develop
Type E end of use - --ANSWER---These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors - --ANSWER---Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Transdermal - --ANSWER---through the skin via creams or patches
Binders - --ANSWER---cement the active and inert components of tablets
Fillers - --ANSWER---used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers) - --ANSWER---added to powdered materials used in pill production to aid
movement through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents - --ANSWER---maintain consistent concentration of the active ingredients
throughout the drug product
disintegrants - --ANSWER---help break up the tablets int the GI tract
Lubricants - --ANSWER---ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them during the
manufacturing process
AUC - --ANSWER---represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug that appears
in the bloodstream following oral administration
Cmax - --ANSWER---peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
First pass effect - --ANSWER---metabolizing process in the liver that suppresses the amount of drug that
eventually reaches the systemic circulation and the site of action
onset of action - --ANSWER---the time it takes for a drug to start having any intended affect after it is
administered
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