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GMS 6530 CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ £8.51
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GMS 6530 CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
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GMS 6530 CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Sympathetic innnervation - NE binds beta-1 receptors - activates cAMP second-messenger system - opens Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma Parasympathetic innervation - ACh binds muscarinic receptors - opens K+ channels ...

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  • November 26, 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • gms 6530 cardiac exam questions and answers with c

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  • GMS6530
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GMS 6530 CARDIAC EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH

COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++


Sympathetic innnervation

- NE binds beta-1 receptors

- activates cAMP second-messenger system

- opens Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma

Parasympathetic innervation

- ACh binds muscarinic receptors

- opens K+ channels in nodal cells allowing outflow

- hyperpolarizes them slowing HR down

K+

- electrolyte with greatest chronotropic effect

- hyper - excess diffuses into myocytes, slowing HR & causing irregularity

- hypo - hyperpolarizes cells, causing need for incaresed stimulation

Ca2+

- hyper - increases HR & contractility

Na+

- hyper - increases HR

% of capillaries shut down at any given time

- 75%

Arteriosclerosis

,- harding of arteries with age

- decrease in elastic tissue

Atherosclerosis

- build up of lipids that form plaque

Vasomotor center of medulla

- stimulates most BV to contract with the exception of the vessels in heart

Physiologic hypertrophy

- exercise, pregnancy

- cardiomyocytes increase in length and width

- balanced enlargment of chambers

Pathologic hypertrophy

- concentric hypertrophy

- cardiomyocytes increase in width

- wall and septal thickening

- loss of chamber area

beta agaonists

- epi, isoproterenol

- dopamine

- dobutamine

dopamine

- shock

- beta 1 agonst

-increase contractility

, - increase HR

- increase renal flow

- IV only, short 1/2 life, tachycardia, tolerance, increased mortality

dobutamine

- end-stage shock

- beta 1 agonist at low dose

- alpha 1 agonist at high dose

- increase contractility

- modest decrease in afterload

- short-term cardiac support

- IV only, tolerance, pro-arrhythmic, increased mortality

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

- PD3 inhibitors

- milrinone

Milrinone

- end-stage shock

- inhibits PDE > increases cAMP

- increase cAMP = increase in contractility & SV

- increase cAMP = decrease afterload (vasodilation)

- little/no change in HR

- hypotension, proarrhythmia, increased mortality (may be lessened with concurrent

beta blocker)

Cardiac glycosides

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