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GMS6530: HEART FAILURE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE £8.51
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GMS6530: HEART FAILURE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE

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GMS6530: HEART FAILURE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE T/F: for heart rate, the primary mechanism involves the autonomic nervous system True heart failure -inability of the heat to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body -redu...

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  • November 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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GMS6530: HEART FAILURE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE


T/F: for heart rate, the primary mechanism involves the autonomic nervous

system

True

heart failure

-inability of the heat to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body

-reduced efficiency of the heart as a pump

intrinsic cardiac compensatory mechanisms

- when stroke volume decreases = dilation will increase ventricular volume and

hypertrophy will increase ventricular mass

physiologic hypertrophy

-exercise, pregnancy

-cardiomyocytes increase length and width

-balanced enlargement of chambers, walls, and septum

pathologic hypertrophy

-concentric hypertrophy

-cardiomyocytes increase width (vs length)

-wall and septal thickening and loss of chamber area



long term:

, -dilated and eccentric hypertrophy

-cardiomyocytes decrease width (with excessive lengthening)

-loss of wall, septal thickness with large increase in wall tension

maladaptive remodeling

-alteration in dimension/shape/mass in response to hemodynamic stress/injury in

association with neurohormonal activation

-myocyte hypertrophy

-myocyte apooptosis (or necrosis)

-fibroblast proliferation (collagen)

-inflammation

-oxidative stress

inotropic agents

-drugs that stimulate the heart to increase the force of contractions (increase in CO and

SV)

-used in acute way

B-adrenergic receptor agonists

A. epinephrine, isoproterenol (not used clinically)

B. dopamine (D1 > beta > alpha)

C. dobutamine (dopamine derivative)

Dopamine

-beta adrenergic receptor agonist

-higher potency of dopamine receptors

-increased contractility and stroke volume

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