These concise, easy-to-read notes provide a clear and thorough guide to understanding measurement, reliability, and validity in research. They are designed to simplify complex concepts, cutting through unnecessary detail to get straight to the point, making them ideal for students preparing for exa...
Key Terms
Four
1. Broad
(Psychological)
Steps
in theConstruct:
Conceptual vs.
Measurement
Operational
Applicationo Abstract,
of
Process
Constructs
Operationalisation
Reliability vs.
hypotheti
Validity
Examples
1. Example:
Conceptual
of
cal
Reliability
Key Takeaways
Definition:
Construct:
Happiness
Reliability:
and
concepts
Validity
Reliability
Consistency
o Physiolog
Define
Theoretic
that is areof
1. necessary
the ical:
Reliability:
not but
the
al,
measurement.
not osufficient
A survey
directly
abstract
Hormona
for ovalidity.
Types:
observab
construct
ldefinition
measurin
analysis
A reliablele(e.g.,
(e.g.,
s
of
g but
1. Tes
measure exist cant-
"happine
"aggressi
dopamin
happines
consistently
theoretic
ss"
on"
e/seroton
s is
asaRet
produce ally
in the
positive
intent
consisten
levels.
(e.g.,
est
to
sameo tly results,
motivatio
emotiona
harm).
Behavior
givesRel
but it must
Operational
ln,state).
similar
al: iabi
2. also be validlity:
Operationalisat
Construct:happines
scores
Tracking to
ensure
ion:o for s).those
Tangible
smilestheSa or
2. results
Operationalisat
o sameDevelop
variables
laughter me
accurately
ion: individua
a method
derived
frequenc par
reflect
o ls tothe
Process
from
y. over tici
the
construct.
o timeof
measure
conceptu
Other- pa
Assessing (test-
turning
the
al
Report: ntsa
reliability
retest and
construct
Surveys tes
validity reliability
into anted
(e.g.,
for
from
requires ).
operation
self-
measure
friends twi
or
multiple
o Two al
report
ment
family ce;
studies and me
variable
happines
(e.g.,
observer
about is
a
an ongoingfor
frequenc
s scales,
person's asu
process. of res
measure
neurotra
y
independ
mood.
o ently
ment or
nsmitter
aggressiv
Self- cor
e actsrel
manipula
analysis).
agree
Report: on
tion. ati
3. Measurement:
observed
the
Question
o number
Example
Collect
during
naire ona
session).
of
data
with smiles
s include ov
a person
physiolog
using
items er
the
ical "I tim
exhibits
operation
like
during
measure
alised
feel e.a
s 2. Int
study
methods.
satisfied
(interrate
4. Evaluation:
(hormon
with myerr
o rlife."
e levels),
Assess ate
reliability
behavior
the r
).
al
reliabilityRel
2. Validity: observati
and iabi
o A ons lity:
validity
the Agr
(frequen
happines
of
s of ee
cysurvey
measure
to me
laughing)
accuratel
s
, or self-
y
ensure nt
reportam
predicts
consisten
andon
methods
individua
cy
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