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Exam (elaborations)

Erth 101 Final Exam Study Guide.

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  • Module
  • ERTH 101
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  • ERTH 101

©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 | P a g e Erth 101 Final Exam Study Guide. Basalt - answerA dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust Peridotite - answerDense, dark igneous rock that makes up the mantle. Granite - answerA usually light...

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  • December 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • ERTH 101
  • ERTH 101
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©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.




Erth 101 Final Exam Study Guide.


Basalt - answer✔A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust


Peridotite - answer✔Dense, dark igneous rock that makes up the mantle.


Granite - answer✔A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust


atmosphere - answer✔gaseous layer of the earth that consists of 78% N2, 21% O2, and minor

amounts of Ar, CO2, and other gases


Hydrosphere - answer✔water layer of the earth, includes water in the oceans, rivers, lakes,

glaciers


continetal crust - answer✔thick crust (average 45 km) of the earth; an overall, rigid solid:

composed of many types of rocks, but has overall "granitic" or silicic/felsic composition (rock

high in silica, but low in iron and magnesium; a light-colored rock with a low density); the low

density is why it sits higher in the earth than the oceanic cru


oceanic crust - answer✔thin crust (average 5 km) of the earth; an overall rigid solid; mafic or

"basaltic" composition (rock low in silica, but high in iron and magnesium; a dark-colored rock

with a high density); high density is why it rides lower in the earth than continental crust


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, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Mantle - answer✔that portion of the earth beneath the crust and above the core; composed of

peridotite or ultramafic rock (rock low in silica and very high in iron and magnesium, a green to

dark-colored rock, denser than oceanic crust); very thick portion of the earth (2885 km); due to

its thickness and the wide range of pressure and temperature changes over that distance, it has

several physical or phase changes in it;


core - answer✔the deepest portion of the earth is composed of iron and nickel, due to its

thickness (3450 km) and the wide range of pressure and temperature changes over that

distance, it is physically zoned into an upper liquid core and lower solid core


moon rocks - answer✔Rock samples brought back from the moon, including meteorites from

the moon also date to approx. 4.6 billion years old


Anorthosite - answer✔A rock composing the light, rough highland areas of the moon's surface


According to the nebular hypothesis of planet formation - answer✔the Earth and Sun formed

from the same cloud of dust and gas


Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are larger than the terrestrial planets because -

answer✔They formed in cooler parts of the solar nebula where the most abundant elements

could condense


Evidence in support of continental drift comes from - answer✔The locations of glacial deposits

worldwide


Paleomagnetic studies

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, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
The jigsaw puzzle-like fit of the continents


same species of dinosaur bones on different continents


Evidence of seafloor spreading includes - answer✔magnetic reversal recorded in basalts


higher heat flow along the ridge axis


sediment thickness increases away from the ridge


Tectonic plates consist of - answer✔either oceanic or continental lithosphere, or a combination

of both


By comparison to continental lithosphere, oceanic lithosphere is typically - answer✔more

dense and thinner


The following is an example of a geologic feature at a convergent boundary -

answer✔accretionary prism


At subduction zones, the overriding plate - answer✔may be composed of either oceanic or

continental lithosphere


If a tectonic plate were moving east over a fixed hot spot, the youngest volcano in the hot spot

chain would be located - answer✔on the west end of the chain


Tectonic plates move at a speed of about - answer✔1-10 centimeters per year


ocean layers thickness - answer✔~4-5 km




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