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APES Chapter 18 Questions and Answers correct
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APES Chapter 18 Questions and Answers correct Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (*) region surrounding the northwestern Hawaiian Islands which protects an area the size of California and over 7,000 marine species (1/4 of which are endemic); human activities are limited (no fishing, fossi...

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  • December 4, 2024
  • 5
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • apes chapter 18 questions and answers correct
  • papahanaumokuakea marine national monument reg
  • sixth mass extinction 5 of our species are becom

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APES Chapter 18 Questions and
Answers correct
Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (*) - answer region surrounding
the northwestern Hawaiian Islands which protects an area the size of California and
over 7,000 marine species (1/4 of which are endemic); human activities are limited (no
fishing, fossil fuel extraction, coral harvesting) and will help conserve biodiversity in
neighboring areas through increasing populations from which individuals can disperse

sixth mass extinction - answer .5% of our species are becoming extinct at a rate that
rivals that of the Cretaceous period; unique because 1) is occuring over a relatively
short period of time; 2) is the first humans have experienced; and 3) is due to human
cause

extinction - answer when the last member of a species dies; world currently
experiences about 50,000 per year

inbreeding depression - answer individuals with similar genotypes (relatives) breed
with each other and produce an offspring with an impaired fitness (ability to survive and
reproduce), due to its receiving two copies of a harmful mutation in the genome

Florida panther's decline in genetic diversity (*) - answer due to hunting and habitat
destruction, the panther was reduced to a small population (20-30) in south Florida and
suffered from the effects of inbreeding depression (heart defects, morphologically
abnormal sperm); introduction of genotypes from a Texas population has increased
genetic diversity and allowed the panther to rebound to a population of 80-100

endangered - answer a species at serious risk of extinction

decline in genetic diversity of livestock (*) - answer modern breeding artificially
selects for animals and plants with highest productivity/yield, causing the
decline/extinction of historic domesticated organisms that evolved to thrive in local
climatic conditions/resist local disease; this limited diversity of livestock a concern in
case of future biotic or abiotic environmental change (43% European llivestock and 80%
North American livestock currently endangered; majority of livestock comes from 7
mammal species and 4 bird species)

Svalbard Global Seed Vault (*) - answer international storage facility located in
northern Norway; has the capacity to store and protect 14.5 million [crop] seed varieties
from a wide range of natural disasters and/or global warming, towards the goal of
preserving genetic diversity in face of future environmental changes

, data-deficient species - answer species which have no reliable data to assess their
status; they may be increasing, decreasing, or stable as defined by the IUCN

extinct species - answer species known to exist as early as the year 1500 but no
longer exist today

threatened species - answer species that have a high risk of extinction in the future

near-threatened species - answer species very likely to become threatened in the
future

least concern species - answer species that are widespread and abundant, in little to
no risk of becoming threatened

decline of birds, mammals, and amphibians (*) - answer based on the species for
which scientists have reliable data, 21% of birds, 32% of mammals, and 49% of
amphibians are classified as threatened or near-threatened with extinction (however, of
10 million estimated species, only 50,000 have been assessed due to expense)

global decline of ecosystem function - answer due to decline in species diversity, the
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2006 found that 15 of 24 ecosystem functions
(provisions, support systems, regulating services, etc.) are in decline

basic causes of decline in biodiversity - answer habitat loss, intrusion of alien
species, pollution, climate change, overharvesting

effects of habitat loss on niche specialists (*) - answer the greatest cause of species
decline and extinction is due to decrease in habitat favorable to niche specialists, such
as the northern spotted owl's preference of old-growth forests in Washington state;
timber harvesting leaves an altered forest habitat that reduces owl populations due to
fewer trees to nest/roost in and less forest to hunt in

effects of habitat loss due to decline in coral reefs (*) - answer since 1977,
percentage of live coral in Caribbean reefs has declined sharply ((50%-->10%) due to
harvesting, pollution, and climate change; this reduces vital habitat for many marine
species

effects of habitat loss on brown-headed cowbird's prey (*) - answer habitat
fragmentation increases species interactions due to increase in ecotones/landscapes;
for example, when a forest meets a field, nest parasites such as the brown-headed
cowbird lay their eggs in other species' nests (ex., chipping sparrow), forcing the host to
raise its offspring or abandon the nest, leading to decline in North American songbirds

native species - answer species that live in their historical range, typ[ically where
they have lived for thousands or millions of years

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