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APES Populations Questions and Answers

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APES Populations Questions and Answers Population Group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area. Fundamental characteristics of a population Size, density, age/sex distribution, dispersion. Types of dispersion Random (dandelions), clumping (elephant herd), u...

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  • December 5, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • APES
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APES Populations Questions and
Answers
Population - answer Group of individuals of the same species living in a particular
area.

Fundamental characteristics of a population - answer Size, density, age/sex
distribution, dispersion.

Types of dispersion - answer Random (dandelions), clumping (elephant herd),
uniform (penguins).

Population change - answer Four variables dictate changes in the size of a
population.

Additions to a population - answer Births and immigration.

Subtractions to a population - answer Deaths and emigration.

Mathematical model of population change - answer N1 = N + (Births + Immigrants) -
(Death + Emigrants)

Environmental factors that influence population change - answer Food availability,
space availability, predation/disease, # of mates, competition, environmental disasters.

Population growth - answer When no environmental constraints exist, a population is
able to grow at its maximum capacity.

Biotic potential - answer Maximum capacity for growth in a population. Maximum
reproductive rate of an organism. If given unlimited resources, how quickly could a
population possibly grow.

Intrinsic rate of increase - answer Rate of growth given unlimited resources.

How is rate of increase determined? - answer Birth rate - % of new births in a year
(b).

Death rate = % of deaths in a year (d).

Intrinsic rate - r = b - d

Exponential growth - answer Unrestrained growth with a constant rate of increase (J
curve). Growth at a constant rate of increase per unit time. Number of individuals added

, to a population at the beginning of exponential growth is relatively small. But numbers
increase quickly as the population, and thus the given percentage of that population,
grows.

Exponential growth equation - answer dN/dt = rN

r - intrinsic growth rate
N - the initial population size
dN/dt - amount of change in the population size per unit time.

Mathematic model to calculate the size of a population over a length of time - answer
N1 = N0e^rt

Doubling time - answer A useful concept in population studies that gives perspective
in terms of how easy a population is actually growing. Useful measure to illustrate
speed and magnitude of growth.

Doubling time equation - answer 70/(growth rate in percent)

Malthus - answer An English economist and demographer; all biological populations
have a potential for increase that exceeds the actual rate of increase, and the resources
for the support of increase are limited. Recognized the potential for growth in all
organisms and inspired Darwin to use this concept to explain change in populations
over time.

Environmental resistance - answer All the factors that act to limit population growth.
Any environmental factor that reduces population growth.

Carrying capacity (K) - answer Number of individuals of a given species that can be
sustained indefinitely in a particular area. There is a limit to the number of individuals
that can be supported. The maximum population of a given species that a particular
habitat can sustain indefinitely without degrading the habitat.

Logistic growth - answer Exponential growth with a steady decrease in the rate of
population growth over time as a the population encounters environmental resistance or
approaches the carrying capacity (S curve). Growth rates regulated by internal and
external factors until they come into equilibrium with environmental resources. Growth
rate slows as population approaches carrying capacity.

Logistic growth equation - answer dN/dt = rN (1 - N/K)

When additions are greater than subtractions, the population _____________. - answer
Increases.

When subtractions are greater than additions, the population _____________. - answer
Decreases.

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