Criminology Final Exam Question and Answers [100% Correct] 2025 Latest Release
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Criminology
Institution
Criminology
Criminology Final Exam Question and
Answers [100% Correct] 2025 Latest
Release
Explain the concept of *critical criminology* and how it differs from traditional theories of crime.
Critical criminology focuses on how societal power structures, inequality, and oppression
contribute to cri...
Criminology Final Exam Question and
Answers [100% Correct] 2025 Latest
Release
Explain the concept of *critical criminology* and how it differs from traditional theories of crime.
Critical criminology focuses on how societal power structures, inequality, and oppression
contribute to criminal behavior, contrasting with traditional theories that often emphasize individual
choice or biological predispositions.
Discuss the role of *restorative justice* in modern criminal justice systems and provide examples of its
application.
Restorative justice emphasizes repairing harm caused by criminal acts through facilitated
dialogue, reconciliation, and restitution. For example, victim-offender mediation programs allow victims
and offenders to discuss the impact of crimes and agree on restitution plans.
Analyze the relationship between socioeconomic status and crime rates in urban settings.
Lower socioeconomic status is often associated with higher crime rates due to factors like limited
access to education, unemployment, and systemic inequality, which create environments conducive to
criminal activity.
Explain the term *labeling theory* and provide an example of its application in the justice system.
Labeling theory suggests that societal labels or stigmatization of individuals as "criminals" can
reinforce criminal behavior by influencing self-perception and societal treatment. For example, a juvenile
labeled as a delinquent may internalize this identity, increasing the likelihood of future criminal acts.
Evaluate the impact of *broken windows theory* on policing strategies in the 21st century.
Broken windows theory argues that visible signs of disorder, such as graffiti or vandalism,
encourage further crime, leading to policing strategies focusing on maintaining order and preventing
minor offenses.
Critically assess how advancements in forensic science have influenced the conviction rates of violent
crimes.
1
, Advancements in forensic science, such as DNA analysis, have significantly improved conviction
rates by providing irrefutable evidence linking suspects to crimes, reducing wrongful convictions, and
aiding cold case investigations.
Discuss how feminist criminology addresses the issue of gender bias in traditional criminological
theories.
Feminist criminology highlights the ways traditional theories often ignore or misrepresent
women's experiences, focusing on how patriarchy and gender inequality shape criminal behavior and
victimization.
Explore the influence of media portrayals on public perception of crime trends.
Media often exaggerates or sensationalizes certain crimes, leading to moral panics or
misinformed public perceptions that overestimate crime rates or prioritize specific types of crimes over
others.
Examine the significance of environmental criminology in understanding crime patterns.
Environmental criminology emphasizes the role of physical spaces and environments in
facilitating or deterring criminal behavior, utilizing concepts like crime mapping and situational crime
prevention.
Describe how the concept of *anomie* explains the rise in certain types of criminal behavior during
economic recessions.
Anomie, as described by Durkheim, refers to a breakdown of societal norms, often occurring
during economic recessions when people experience disconnection or strain, leading to increased
property crimes or fraud as coping mechanisms.
Evaluate the effectiveness of *three-strikes laws* in reducing recidivism.
Three-strikes laws, which impose severe sentences after three felony convictions, have been
criticized for disproportionately affecting non-violent offenders and failing to significantly deter crime
due to the underlying socioeconomic factors of recidivism.
Analyze the implications of privatized prisons on justice outcomes and inmate rehabilitation.
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