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Pearsons Edexcel History Level 2018 Paper 1: Breadth study with interpretations Option 1E: Russia, 1917–91: from Lenin to Yeltsin £8.96
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Pearsons Edexcel History Level 2018 Paper 1: Breadth study with interpretations Option 1E: Russia, 1917–91: from Lenin to Yeltsin

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Option 1E: Russia, 1917–91: from Lenin to Yeltsin In depth essay plans, mapping out introduction (with relevant criteria and arguments) and 3-4 paragraphs. I achieved A* in A-Level History in 2022. My overall mark was 170/200.

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  • December 12, 2024
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June 2018 – Option 1E : Russia 1917-91 from Lenin to Yeltsin

1) How accurate is it to say that Stalin’s use of terror in the 1930s was fundamentally similar to
Lenin’s use of terror in the years 1918-24? (20 marks)

There is no doubt that terror was used both under Lenin and Stalin and can said to have been
consistently used during the period 1918-1930s.

CRITERIA:
Fundamentally similar can be assessed by whether the aims of the use of terror and the extent of
extremity of terror was the same under each respective leadership.

This essay will ultimately argue that Stalin’s use of terror in the 1930s was similar to Lenin’s use of
terror 1918-24, however not ‘fundamentally similar’ as terror was used with different motives and
was taken to much more significant height under Stalin.

PARA 1:
One way the use of terror under Lenin and Stalin was fundamentally similar was the use of the
secret police to safeguard/ protect the revolution

Lenin’s secret police (Cheka) was created in Dec 1917
 Protect areas of communist held power
 Closed Constituent Assembly after SRs won majority vote – this allowed Bolshevik assertion
of power in 1917
Chekists were responsible for raiding anarchist organisations, closing down opposition newspapers
and expelling Mensheviks and SRs from the Soviets
 1922 trials of SR leaders – killed in August 1922 for plotting overthrow and sabotage

Cheka was willing to torture or kill anyone who communists viewed as a threat e.g. Kremenchuck,
Ukraine – Church leaders impaled on spikes and put on display
 Ran concentration camps housing Communist enemies

Stalin also used terror through secret police and expanded its role into the NKVD
 Used to safeguard the revolution in the 1930s

In this sense the use of terror under Lenin and Stalin can be seen to be fundamentally similar as the
aims of protecting the regime and revolutions were the same and they were used to similar extents


PARA 2:
However, when considering Lenin and Stalin’s use of terror in purges to remove ‘unreliable
elements’ of the party they can be seen to be similar but not fundamentally similar aims and extent
differed.

While Lenin’s aim was to overthrow counter-revolutionaries, Stalin aimed to purge WITHIN the party
structure – Lenin was against this
 1937 the NKVD was purged – removing old agents allowed Stalin to speed up pace of terror

Great Purge launched in 1930s responsible for deaths of 10 million Soviet citizens
Show trials of political opponent
 Trial of 16 (1936) – execution of Kamanev and Zinoviev and 14 supporters

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