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The Human Body in Health and Illness Chapter 14 -Endocrine System Exam Study Guide. £8.78
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The Human Body in Health and Illness Chapter 14 -Endocrine System Exam Study Guide.
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 1 The Human Body in Health and Illness Chapter 14 -Endocrine System Exam Study Guide. Target tissue (organ) - Answersdescribes a specific tissue or organ to which a hormone binds receptor - Answershormones bind to these special areas ...

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  • December 13, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.




The Human Body in Health and Illness
Chapter 14 -Endocrine System Exam Study
Guide.

Target tissue (organ) - Answers✔describes a specific tissue or organ to which a hormone binds

receptor - Answers✔hormones bind to these special areas in the cell membrane of the target
tissue

hormones - Answers✔endocrine secretions that are classified as proteins, protein-like substances,
or steroids

endocrine glands - Answers✔secrete hormones; called ductless glands

exocrine glands - Answers✔glands that secrete into ducts (e.g., sweat glands, sebaceous glands)

biorythm - Answers✔Jet lag and night shift work alter this pattern of hormone secretion

Biorhythms - Answers✔Describes this pattern of hormone secretion: cortisol secretion is highest
in the morning (8 AM), lowest in the evening

tropic hormones - Answers✔hormones that are aimed at a target

second chemical messenger - Answers✔cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

thyroid gland - Answers✔secretes T3, T4, and calcitonin

anterior pituitary gland - Answers✔called the adenohypophysis

posterior pituitary gland - Answers✔called the neurohypophysis

hypothalamus - Answers✔secretes releasing hormones

pancreas - Answers✔beta and alpha cells of islets of Langerhans

pineal gland - Answers✔cone-shaped gland located in the brain; secretes melatonin; called the
biological clock

1

, ©THEBRIGHT EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
parathyroid glands - Answers✔low plasma levels of calcium stimulate these glands to secrete
parathyroid hormone (PTH)

adrenal cortex - Answers✔target glands for ACTH

adrenal medulla - Answers✔secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

ovaries - Answers✔gonads that secrete estrogen and progesterone

testes - Answers✔gonad that secretes testosterone

thymus gland - Answers✔this gland plays an important role in immunity and involutes, or
shrinks, after puberty

catecholamines - Answers✔Epinephrine and norepinephrine; sympathomimetic hormones

steroids - Answers✔cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone

insulin - Answers✔the stimulus for its release is an increasing blood glucose level

glucagon - Answers✔pancreatic hormone that increases blood glucose levels

parathyroid hormone - Answers✔hormone that acts on three target organs (bones,kidneys, and
intestine) to increase the blood levels of calcium

growth hormone - Answers✔also called somatotropic hormone, this anterior pituitary hormone
stimulates the growth of the musculoskeletal system

gonadotropins - Answers✔include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone
(LH)

T3 and T4 - Answers✔TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release these hormones

calcitonin - Answers✔parafollicular cells, thyroid gland, stimulates osteoblastic activity

ACTH - Answers✔a tropic hormone that is suppressed by increasing plasma levels of cortisol

releasing hormones - Answers✔hypothalamic hormones that control the hormonal secretion of
the anterior pituitary gland

prolactin - Answers✔stimulates the breasts to make milk; also called lactogenic hormone

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - Answers✔posterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the kidneys
to reabsorb water

oxytocin - Answers✔posterior pituitary hormone that enhances labor



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