Let's get straight to the point: Black Consciousness and Steve Biko, SASO, SASM, Soweto Uprising and everything in-between. The 1970s in Apartheid South Africa: read it, learn it, feel it , absorb it.
Black Consciousness
Context Aims
BC is an attitude and a way of life. The basic o Philosophy which:
tenet of BC is that the Black Man must - Asserts pride (use black instead
reject all value systems that seek to make of non-white)
him a foreigner in the country of his birth - Black pride
and reduce his basic human dignity. Culture
History
- Universities for black people identity
(aka: Bush colleges) - Self-confidence and self-
Extension of Universities Act (1959) determination
black students could not register - Break the oppressive chains on
at white universities black peoples’ minds
University of Zululand - Control their own destiny
University of the North - Have their own movement
(Turfloop) separate from white liberals
University of Westville -Indians- (weren’t radical enough)
University of the Western Cape o Psychological liberation
-Coloured- o Change white liberals mindset
University of Fort Hare - (despite being liberal still had racist
isiXhosa- views) – educate white racists to
change prejudice
Students faced many obstacles: o Unity amongst all oppressed people
- Scholarship withdrawal if they were (called themselves black)
involved in political activity - Black
- Universities were far apart this in - Indian
separation (this was also due to the - Coloured
ethnic divide) o Stop working with multi-racial
- Campus movement limited as well white organisations (didn’t give
as the curriculum, facilities, and black people an opportunity as the
student organisations whites usually ran the meetings and
- Running organisations = costly decided what they were going to
- Lectures punished if they lectured do about it)
on unauthorised topics
INITIAL reliance with NUSAS (National
Union for South African Students) REJECT THE VALUE SYSTEM WHICH
Weren’t radical enough CAUSED OPPRESSION
- Racially separate eating and
sleeping accommodations at a
NUSAS conference in Grahamstown
Break away from NUSAS and
realise black run organisations
Break away was led by Steve Biko in
1968 to from a new movement with
all oppressed people.
, SASO (South African Student
Organisation)
BC and its aims needed to be realised
Methods Success
o Believed in non-violent methods
o Many different organisations which
realised the aims of BC
o Creation of SASO (South African
Student Organisation) – University
students
- SASO had access to resources
through the SRC
- No organisational alignment
with white people
o BCP (Black Community Programmes
=Aid one another without the need
for white aid)
- Economic co-operatives (an
organisation which is owned and
run jointly by its members, who
share the profits or benefits.)
- Literacy projects
- Creches
o Zanempilo Community Health
Centre
- All black run (Dr Mamphela
Ramphele)
o BPC (Black Peoples Convention)
1972 (umbrella organisation for all
BC orientated organisations)
- Realise all aspects of BC
Culture
Religion
Education
Black Allied workers union (1973 – illegal)
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