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Summary Plan for every peace treaties questions (with evidence and explanations)
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-HISTORY REVISION; PEACE TREATIES QUESTIONS (6 MARKERS)AIMS
Why were Wilsons expectations of the peace settlement of 1919-1920 different from those of
Clemenceau ?[6]
P1: Clemenceau wanted to destroy a future military threat and get revenge.
EV1: 1.3 million French soldiers killed in ww1
EV2 6000 acres of farmland was destroyed by fighting, which produced 20% of Frances crops and
90% of its iron.
P2: Wilson wanted to re establish peace and cooperation in Europe after WW1 – following his 14
points.
EV1: Wilson wanted to encourage peace in Europe – set up League of Nations (Jan 1920)
EV2: Wilson wanted to re-establish trade and exportation between other countries in Europe so that
individual countries could become ‘self determined’ and not dominated by larger foreign countries.
Why did Lloyd George believe that a moderate peace settlement with Germany was in British
interests?
P1: Wanted to re establish political stability
EV1: Harsh punishment of Germany would undermine the purpose of the LON and make it hard to
achieve its goals.
EV2: He believed every country should be able to determine its own future , as he supported Wilsons
‘self determination’ point which could allow Europe to become politically stable and this would be
prevented if Germany were punished too harshly.
P2: George wanted to rebuild Europe’s economy strength post WW1
EV1: British war debt was large and Britain lost their largest trading partner before the war-
Germany. Therefore there was large opportunity to cooperate and rebuild relationship and
economy. (10% of British exports went to Germany)
EV2: Too harsh reparations of the proposed £6.6 billion worried George as it could wipe out the
German economy and lead to further economic instability in Europe, domino effect.
Why did France want a harsh settlement to be imposed on Germany in 1919?
P1: Economic impacts on France
EV1: 6000 acres of land destroyed from German fighting, 60% of French steel was made there and
90% of its iron was mined there
EV2: lots of Frances farmland was destroyed and 20% of crop production was lost.
P2: Military losses for the French
EV1: 1.3 million French soldiers killed in ww1
, EV2: 3 million French soldiers wounded
EV3: 1 quarter of all French men between 19 and 30 were killed ( more than any nation in this age
group)
Why did the aims of the ‘big 3’ differ at the TOV differ?
P1: Significant French losses
EV1 : ¼ of French men aged 18-30 died – more than any other nation
EV 2 : 90% of iron production lost , 60% of steel production lost, 20% of crops lost
P2: Wilson and Lloyd George wanted to re build cooperation and economies after WW1 , unlike
Clemenceau.
EV1: British war debt was large and Britain lost their largest trading partner before the war-
Germany. Therefore there was large opportunity to cooperate and rebuild relationship and
economy. (10% of British exports went to Germany)
EV2: Too harsh reparations of the proposed £6.6 billion worried George as it could wipe out the
German economy and lead to further economic instability in Europe, domino effect.
Why did Wilson want a ‘League of nations’?
P1: Wilson wanted to establish a LON to maintain peace in Europe
EV1: Introduced Permanent court of justice.
EV2: The council was setup, which was a permanent section of the league, who managed and solved
disputes that threatened international peace.
P2: Secondly, Wilson wanted to encourage cooperation between European countries
EV1: In the first year of the LON ad 42 member states
EV2: The assembly section of the LON brought together representatives from all member states to
discuss international relations.
NEGOTIATIONS
Why was the treat of Sevres replaced with the treaty of Lausanne?
P1: replaced as a result of military action due to unfair punishment
EV1: Turkish nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who launched a successful
military campaign against the Allied Powers and established a new government in Ankara in 1922.
EV2: ..
P2: replaced as territorial losses for the ottoman empire were significant
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