Comprehensive C++ Notes: A Guide to Mastering C++ Programming part 1
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Module
BCA11O (BCA110)
Institution
Barkatullah University
C++ is a general-purpose programming language known for its efficiency, flexibility, and performance. It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 as an extension of the C programming language, introducing object-oriented programming (OOP) features while retaining the power and speed of C.
The Bhopal School of Social Sciences
(Affiliated to Barkatullah University, Bhopal)
E-Content (Study Material)
for
UNIT – I
Part-1
Page 1 of 10
, 1. Introduction to Programming
Programming is writing computer code to create a program, to solve a problem. Programs are created
to implement algorithms. Algorithms can be represented as pseudocode or a flowchart, and
programming is the translation of these into a computer program.
To tell a computer to do something, a program must be written to tell it exactly what to do and how
to do it. If an algorithm has been designed, the computer program will follow this algorithm, step-by-
step, which will tell the computer exactly what it should do.
What is a programming language?
A programming language is an artificial language that a computer understands. The language is made
up of series of statements that fit together to form instructions. These instructions tell a computer what
to do.
2. Program Concept
A program is a set of instructions that a computer uses to perform a specific function. To use an
analogy, a program is like a computer’s recipe. It contains a list of ingredients (called variables, which
can represent numeric data, text, or images) and a list of directions (called statements) that tell the
computer how to execute a specific task.
3. Characteristics of Programming
• A programming language must be simple, easy to learn and use, have good readability, and be
human recognizable.
• Abstraction is a must-have characteristics for a programming language in which the ability to
define the complex structure and then its degree of usability comes.
• A portable programming language is always preferred.
• Programming language’s efficiency must be high so that it can be easily converted into a machine
code and executed consumes little space in memory.
• A programming language should be well structured and documented so that it is suitable for
application development.
• Necessary tools for the development, debugging, testing, maintenance of a program must be
provided by a programming language.
• A programming language should provide a single environment known as Integrated Development
Environment(IDE).
• A programming language must be consistent in terms of syntax and semantics.
Page 2 of 10
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