Evolution - Answers✔the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest
beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.
Evolution - Answers✔Fundamental organizing principle of biology and the core theme of this
book
Biology - Answers✔Scientific study of life
Organization, Energy Use, Development, Reproduction, Evolve, Respond to the Environment -
Answers✔Characteristics of a living system
Emergent Properties - Answers✔result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a
system; can characterize nonbiological entities as well. For example, a functioning bicycle
emerges only when all of the necessary parts connect in the correct way
Cells;
for example, a skin cell - Answers✔What is the lowest level of biological organization that can
perform all the activities required for life?
Reductionism - Answers✔the reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are
more manageable to study; for example: studying the molecular structure of DNA to help
understand inheritance
Systems biology - Answers✔constructs models for behavior of whole biological systems--and
interactions across/between levels of biological organization
Systems Biology - Answers✔an approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of whole
biological systems based on a study of interactions among the system's parts.
Non-living factors and other organisms - Answers✔Every organism interacts with its
environment, including _____ and _____
Energy - Answers✔A fundamental characteristic of living organism's is their use of ____ to
carry out life's activities.
Energy - Answers✔Living organisms transform ___ from one form to another
Eukaryotic Cells - Answers✔Greatly larger than prokaryotic cells (prokaryotic cells are just
DNA enclosed by a cell membrane--non nucleus)
DNA - Answers✔the substance of genes
Genes - Answers✔the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring
the ability of cells to divide and duplicate their DNA - Answers✔the basis of all reproduction,
growth, and repair of multicellular organisms
Gene expression - Answers✔the process of converting information from gene to cellular product
Negative Feedback - Answers✔means that the product of a process inhibits the process;
accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process; The most common form of
regulation in a living system
positive feedback - Answers✔in which an end product speeds up its on process
Evolution - Answers✔explains patterns of unity and diversity in living organisms; similar traits
among organisms are explained by descent from common ancestors; the overarching theme of
biology
accumulation of heritable changes - Answers✔Differences among organisms are explained by
Evolution - Answers✔accounts for the unity and diversity of life
Bacteria, Archaea bacteria, and Eukarya - Answers✔Three domains of life
Scientific Method - Answers✔Predictions or hypothesis--> Test--> Observation (Data)-->
Generalization or Model
Data - Answers✔recorded observations or items of information
Qualitative and Quantitative - Answers✔Two categories of data
Qualitative data - Answers✔data: descriptions rather than measurements
Quantitative data - Answers✔data: recorded measurements, which are sometimes organized into
tables and graphs
controlled experiment - Answers✔compares an experimental group with a control group
Theory (in the context of science) - Answers✔-broader in scope than a hypothesis
-general and can lead to new, testable hypothesis
-supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis
understand natural phenomena - Answers✔The goal of science is to...
technology - Answers✔The goal of ____ is to apply scientific knowledge for some specific
purpose.
Interdependent - Answers✔Science and technology are ____.
discoveries; inventions - Answers✔Biology is marked by "___", while technology is marked by
"____"
System - Answers✔simply a combination of components that function together.
molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community,
ecosystem - Answers✔What is the correct order for the hierarchy of biological organization from
the least to the most complex?
Emergent properties
(A molecule such as a protein has attributes not exhibited by any of its component parts (e.g.,
amino acids). Therefore, novel properties are emerging that were not present at a simpler level of
organization.) - Answers✔No amino acid molecule by itself can speed up or catalyze reactions
between other molecules; however, when amino acids are joined together to make a protein with
catalytic properties, the new structure (enzymatic protein) can speed up the rate of a specific
chemical reaction. What does this illustrate?
They recycle within the ecosystem, being constantly reused. (Nutrients cycle through the
ecosystem by processes such as the decomposition of organic debris.) - Answers✔Which of the
following statements is true about chemical nutrients in an ecosystem?
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