BIOS 255 Comprehensive Exam (Latest 2024 / 2025)
Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
What is epithelial tissue? - ANSWER -a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or
lines a body cavity
Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular? - ANSWER -avascular (it contains no blood
vessels)
w...
BIOS 255 Comprehensive Exam (Latest )
Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
What is epithelial tissue? - ANSWER -a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or
lines a body cavity
Is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular? - ANSWER -avascular (it contains no blood
vessels)
why is epithelial tissue polar? - ANSWER -These cells are polarized and form extensive
cell-cell adhesions, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, with each other
epithelial tissue role in regeneration - ANSWER -capable of rapidly replacing damaged
and dead cells.
types of protein fibers in connective tissue - ANSWER -collagen fibers, reticular fibers,
elastic fibers
what is chondroitin sulfate and where is it located? - ANSWER -provides support and
adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin, and blood vessels
*most commonly found in cartilage*
what is the function of keratin? - ANSWER -Prevents underlying structures from drying
out
What is a merocrine gland? - ANSWER -glands that release fluids by exocytosis
what are the functions of merocrine glands - ANSWER -thermoregulation, secretion,
protection
What is a sebaceous gland? - ANSWER -a small gland in the skin which secretes a
lubricating oily matter (sebum)
function of sebaceous glands - ANSWER -produce sebum (oil) into the hair follicles to
lubricate the skin and hair.
What are apocrine glands? - ANSWER -glands that secrete fluid
function of apocrine glands - ANSWER -produce sweat in response to emotional
stress, heat & sexual activity
what are osteoclasts - ANSWER -large cells that resorb or break down bone matrix
function of osteoclasts - ANSWER -resorb (destroy) bone matrix to release minerals
back to blood.
, What are osteoblasts? - ANSWER -bone forming cells
function of osteoblasts - ANSWER -build bone
what is endochondral ossification - ANSWER -Process of transforming cartilage into
bone
endochondral ossification - ANSWER -Process of transforming cartilage into bone
step 1 of endochondral ossification - ANSWER -bone collar forms around the diaphysis
of the hyaline cartilage model
step 2 of endochondral ossification - ANSWER -blood vessels grow into perichondrium;
cells convert to osteoblasts; shaft becomes covered with superficial bone
step 3 of endochondral ossification - ANSWER -more blood supply and osteoblasts;
produces spongy bone; formation spreads on shaft
step 4 of endochondral ossification - ANSWER -The diaphysis elongates and a
medullary cavity forms. Secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses.
step 5 of endochondral ossification - ANSWER -centers of epiphysis calcify, capillaries
and osteoblasts enter area, forming secondary ossification centers
Step 6 of Endochondral Ossification - ANSWER -epiphyseal plates ossify and form
epiphyseal lines
Condyles - ANSWER -Large, bony knobs at either end of a long bone
facets - ANSWER -flat articular surfaces covered with hyaline cartilage
heads - ANSWER -upper, rounded end of a bone
Which bone makes up most of the hard palate? - ANSWER -palatine bone
What is the diaphysis? - ANSWER -shaft of a long bone
What is the metaphysis? - ANSWER -area between epiphysis and diaphysis
What is the epiphysis? - ANSWER -End of a long bone
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