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Summary The Nervous System Notes for BSc Psychology: Psychology and the Brain

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Complete revision and summary notes for The Nervous System for BSc Psychology: Psychology and the Brain Module. Written by a straight A* King's College London student set for a 1st. Well organised and in order. Includes diagrams and full reference section and collated information from lectures...

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4PAHPBIO Psychology BSc Year 1 Week 1
The Nervous System




THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANATOMICAL TERMS OF LOCATION

Neuraxis: An imaginary line drawn through the length of the CNS
from the front of the brain to the lower end of the spinal cord

• In humans, the neuraxis bends as we stand upright
• Therefore, when talking about parts of the spinal cord in
humans, terms are flipped 90º

Structures Relative to the Midline

Contralateral: Located on opposite side

Ipsilateral: Located on same side

Medial: Located closer to the midline

Lateral: Located further from the midline

Structures Relative to Each Other

Dorsal: Towards the top of the head or the back

Ventral: Towards the bottom of the skull or stomach

Rostral: Towards the front of the brain, towards the face

Caudal: Towards the back of the brain, away from the face




1

,4PAHPBIO Psychology BSc Year 1 Week 1
The Nervous System

Planes

Transverse plane (cross section): A slice taken of the nervous system at right angles to the neuraxis

Coronal Plane (frontal section): A slice through the brain parallel to the forehead (parallel to the ground
in the spinal cord)

Horizontal plane: A slice through the brain parallel to the ground

Sagittal plane: A slice through the brain parallel to the neuraxis and perpendicular to the ground




1.1 THE STRUCTURAL DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM




2

, 4PAHPBIO Psychology BSc Year 1 Week 1
The Nervous System

1.2 THE FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

DIVISIONS OF THE BRAIN

Major Divisions Subdivisions Principle structure
Forebrain Telencephalon Cerebral Cortex
Basal Ganglia
Limbic System
Diencephalon Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain Mesencephalon Tectum
Tegmentum
Hindbrain Metencephalon Cerebellum
Pons FOREBRAIN (BLUE), MIDBRAIN (RED),
Myelencephalon Medulla Oblongata HINDBRAIN (YELLOW)


LOBES OF THE BRAIN

Major Divisions Subdivisions
Frontal Motor functions
Executive functions
Parietal Bodily sensations
Spatial relationships
Temporal Hearing

Occipital Vision




OVERVIEW OF THE FUNCTIONS

Structure Function
Basal Ganglia Movement
Limbic System Motivation and emotion
Thalamus Relay and integration of sensory
information
Hypothalamus Controls ANS and endocrine
system
Tectum Visual and auditory processing
Tegmentum Sleep, arousal, movement
Cerebellum Motor coordination, muscle
tone, and balance
Pons and Sleep and arousal
Medulla
Medulla Control of vital functions
Oblongata



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