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Exam (elaborations)

BMAL-590 Business Finance Exam Questions Complete Answers Current Update (Verified A+ Pass)

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  • Module
  • BMAL 590
  • Institution
  • BMAL 590

BMAL-590 Business Finance Exam Questions Complete Answers Current Update (Verified A+ Pass) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - a set of accounting standards that is used in the preparation of financial statements developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Fina...

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  • December 27, 2024
  • 38
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BMAL 590
  • BMAL 590
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BMAL-590 Business Finance Exam
Questions Complete Answers Current
Update (Verified A+ Pass)

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) - ✔✔a set of accounting standards that is used in the

preparation of financial statements




developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)


Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) - ✔✔The primary accounting standard-setting body in the

United States.




examines controversial accounting topics and issues standards that, in terms of their impact on

accounting practices, almost have the force of law.


Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - ✔✔The agency of the U.S. government that oversees U.S.

financial markets and accounting standard-setting bodies.




regulates publicly traded U.S. companies as well as the nation's stock and bond markets. It mandates that

companies generate financial statements following international accounting standards (IAS)




Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved.

,2|Page


The SEC requires four key financial statements:


(1) the balance sheet


(2) the income statement


(3) the statement of retained earnings


(4) the statement of cash flows


Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) - ✔✔The group charged with determining

auditing standards and reviewing the performance of auditing firms. It effectively gives the SEC

authority to oversee the accounting profession's activities




Established by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002


International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) - ✔✔used in many countries as the regulatory basis

for the preparation of financial statements. They are designed to provide a common global language for

financial reporting, particularly in the European Union, so published financial information is comparable

across international boundaries.


A firm's balance sheet - ✔✔presents a "snapshot" view of the company's financial position at a specific

moment in time.




By definition, a firm's assets must equal the combined value of its liabilities and stockholders' equity.




The basic balance sheet equation is Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity. Thus, creditors and equity

investors finance all of a firm's assets.




Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved.

,3|Page




The balance sheet consist of three sections that list a firm's assets and liabilities as well as the claims of the

stockholders.




ssets and liabilities appear in descending order of liquidity,


Liquidity - ✔✔The length of time it takes to convert accounts into cash during the normal course of

business. The most liquid asset (cash) appears first, and the least liquid (fixed assets) comes last.




Current assets are those that are easy to sell and turn into cash, while fixed assets are physical assets like

buildings and equipment.


Assets - ✔✔include everything that can be used to benefit the business or give the company the right to

receive benefits


Current Liabilities - ✔✔those that must be paid within one year and include accounts payable, notes

payable, and accrued expenses


Long-term liabilities - ✔✔due after more than a year and include deferred taxes and long-term debt.


stockholders' equity - ✔✔The last entry on the balance sheet, stockholders' equity is the owners' residual

share of the business, including their original investment plus any money the firm has earned and

retained since its inception.




Stockholders' equity includes preferred stock, common stock, paid-in-capital in excess of par, and

retained earnings. However, the net worth of the firm includes only the common stock, paid-in-capital in

excess of par, and retained earning.



Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved.

, 4|Page


Balance Sheet Assets - ✔✔-organized in order of liquidity:




1. Current Assets


-includes all cash and items expected to be converted into cash in next 12 months


A. Cash and Equivalents - money market


B. Accounts Receivable - amounts due from customers


C. Inventory - cost of raw materials


D. Prepaid Expenses - rents, taxes, prepaid advertising




2. Fixed Assets


A. Property Plant and Equipment


-factories




3. Other Assets


A. Intangible Assets


-brand names, trademarks, formulas, etc


Cash and cash equivalents - ✔✔assets such as checking account balances at commercial banks that can be

used directly as means of payment.


Marketable securities - ✔✔represent liquid short-term investments, which financial analysts view as a

form of "near cash." They include Treasury notes, commercial paper, and others.




Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved.

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