Edexcel A Level History (Option 1F) Essay Plan
Question: 2016 A1
Was federal legislation the main reason for improvements in black American
civil rights in the years 1955-80?
1. Federal legislation
2. Direct Action Campaigns
3. Black Militancy
Point 1 - Federal legislation (C – Civil / V – Voting)
Federal legislation = Laws that passed by the government, while supreme court case cannot be
implanted by everyone
CRA 57 – Civil Rights Commissions, more power on voter registration
CRA 60 – Response to little Rock case – didn’t go far (Not many changes occur)
CRA 64 – Important law – banned discrimination on sex or race in hiring, - broad and ambitious
VRA 65 – Banned states stopping people vote because of their race (30% to 52% voter
registration)
CRA 68 – Fair Housing Act – banned discrimination on the grounds race
Emergency School Aid Act 70 – gave funding to schools that desegregating – many schools
actually still segregated.
Education Amendments Act 72 – Restricted Busing – bring rural students to other place to
study – provide more funds for inner-city school.
% Main reason? Probably a secondary factor – without direct action campaigns and black
militancy – the government may not respond that quickly.
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