Brooks Biological Principles- Exam 4 Solution Manual Solved 100% (Already Passed)
Core Concept: - Answers -MOST traits are not based on 1 gene.
- Cells in specific tissues such as muscle, determine which genes are active and where they are located during development.
- The genome of an organism...
Core Concept: - Answers -MOST traits are not based on 1 gene.
- Cells in specific tissues such as muscle, determine which genes are active and where they are located
during development.
- The genome of an organism is represented in each cell.
- the key to gene function is the information or instructions to produce proteins.
- Mutations occur randomly and are sources of variation.
Genetics - Answers the study of traits and their inheritance
Father of genetics - Answers Gregor Mendel; discovered the basic rules of genetic inheritance by
breeding pea plants. (Mendelian genetics)
Chromosome - Answers a structure in all living cells that consists of DNA and carries the genes
determining heredity.
Gene - Answers a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is involved in synthesizing polypeptides
(Gene A: hair color)
Alleles - Answers alternate versions of genes (A= brown or a= black), which account for variations in
inherited characteristics.
Locus (loci) - Answers the location of a given gene along the length of a certain chromosome.
Dominant v. Recessive - Answers refers to the different variations of a gene (alleles)
Dominant alleles - Answers variations of a gene that masks a recessive allele; only 1 dominant is needed
to express the corresponding physical traits; represented by an UPPERCASE letter.
Recessive alleles - Answers variations of a gene that produce the corresponding physical traits ONLY
when there are 2 copies present; represented by lowercase letter.
Genotype - Answers the set of genes passed from individual to individual that code for proteins that are
responsible for the phenotype
Phenotype - Answers the physical traits of an organism that result from the expression of the genotype.
Homozygous - Answers a genotype which has identical alleles at the same locus (PP, pp)
Homozygous dominant - Answers both alleles are dominant (PP)
Homozygous recessive - Answers both alleles are recessive (pp)
Heterozygous - Answers a genotype which has two different alleles at the same locus (Pp)
, True Breeding - Answers when two organisms with a homozygous genotype breed to produce offspring
with a certain phenotype and pure genotype; offspring is produced to have the same traits as the
parents
Mendel's First Law - Answers Segregation of Alternate Factors:with certain traits there were individual
plants which if only crossed with other plants just like them would almost always produce the exact
same phenotype (true-breeders, Homozygous, P1.)
Monohybrid cross/ single trait punnet squares - Answers P Generation: Bread a pure Purple (PP)
homozygous dominant plant with a pure homozygous recessive White (pp) plant. (true breeders)
Monohybrid cross for F1 Gen. - Answers Only showed 1 dominant trait (purple flowers). Purple flowers
are hybrids. (Pp)
P gen traits didnt blend.
Monohybrid cross for F2 Generation - Answers F1 hybrids are crossed, thier offspring 3/4 were
dominant purple color (PP, Pp). 1/4th expressed the (P generation) white color (pp).
Monohybrid phenotypic ratio - Answers ratio of the phenotypes in the offspring of a cross; 3:1
Monohybrid genotypic ratio - Answers ratio of the genotypes in the offspring of a cross; 1:2:1
Factos - Answers genes separated during gametogenesis
Probability and gametes - Answers factos that came in pairs but were separated
Mendel's second Law - Answers Independent Assortment; discovered through crossing multiple traits
simultaneously, known as two trait cross
PpLl; PL (traits on one chromosome), pl(traits on another chromosome) - Answers p and l traits can not
be independently assorted because they are linked (on the same chromosome)
Dihybrid cross - Answers P Generation:consists of 2 true breeding parent of different phenotype for two
traits (black/short, BBSS) or (normal/long. bbss) are crossed
Dihybrid cross F1 Generation - Answers All offspring in the F1 gen are hybrids (BbSs) heterozygotes.
Dihybrid cross F2 Generation - Answers Gives 16 possibilities; 4 gametes and 9 possible different
genotypes.
- 9/16 had both dominant traits.
- 3/16 had 1 dominant/1 recessive.
- 3/16 had opposite dominant/and recessive trait. - 1/16 had both recessive traits.
Dihybrid cross phenotypic ratio - Answers 9:3:3:1
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