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POLI 2051 FINAL Exam Questions Complete Answers Current Update (Verified A+ Pass)
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POLI 2051 FINAL Exam Questions Complete Answers Current Update (Verified A+ Pass) Cabinet - the group of presidential advisors who head the executive departments. Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) - members advise the president on economic policy and prepare the Annual Report of the CEA. Cri...

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  • December 30, 2024
  • 48
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • poli 2051 final exam questions complete answers cu

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POLI 2051 FINAL Exam Questions
Complete Answers Current Update
(Verified A+ Pass)

Cabinet - ✔✔the group of presidential advisors who head the executive departments.


Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) - ✔✔members advise the president on economic policy and prepare

the Annual Report of the CEA.


Crisis - ✔✔a sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event.


Impeachment - ✔✔the political equivalent of an indictment for removing a discredited president.


Legislative veto - ✔✔a clause which allows Congress to override the action of the executive.


National Security Council (NSC) - ✔✔a committee that links the president's key foreign and military

advisors.


Office of Management and Budget (OMB) - ✔✔responsible for preparing the president's budget and

assessing the budgetary implications of legislative proposals.


Pocket veto - ✔✔this occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days after submitting a bill and the

president takes no action to sign it or veto it.


Presidential coattails - ✔✔where voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's

party because those candidates support the president.




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Twenty-fifth Amendment - ✔✔passed in 1967, permits the vice president to become acting president in

the event that the president is temporarily disabled.


Twenty-second Amendment - ✔✔passed in 1951, limits presidents to two terms.


Veto - ✔✔sending the legislation back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it.


War Powers Resolution - ✔✔passed in 1973, requires presidents to consult with Congress prior to using

military force and mandates the withdrawal of forces after sixty days unless Congress declares war or

grants an extension.


Watergate - ✔✔a political scandal involving President Nixon's abuse of his powers.


Appropriations bill - ✔✔bill passed annually to fund an authorized program.


Authorization bill - ✔✔an act of Congress that establishes a discretionary government program or an

entitlement, or that continues or changes such programs.


Budget - ✔✔a policy document that allocates burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures).


Budget resolution - ✔✔a bill setting limits on expenditures based on revenue projections, agreed to by

both houses of Congress in April each year.


Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 - ✔✔an act designed to reform the

budgeting process by making Congress less dependent on the president's budget; established a fixed

budget calendar and a budget committee in each house.


Congressional Budget Office (CBO) - ✔✔research agency of Congress, responsible to it for providing

analyses of budget proposals, revenue forecasts, and related information.


Continuing resolutions - ✔✔laws that allow agencies to spend at the previous year's level.


Deficit - ✔✔occurs when government spends more money than it receives in taxes in the fiscal year.




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Entitlements - ✔✔expenditures for which the total amount spent is not by congressional appropriation,

but rather by rules of eligibility established by Congress.


Expenditures - ✔✔money spent by the government in any one year.


Federal debt - ✔✔all of the money borrowed by the government over the years that is still outstanding.


House Ways and Means Committee - ✔✔responsible for originating all revenue bills.


Income tax - ✔✔the portion of money individuals are required to pay to the government from the money

they earned.


Incrementalism - ✔✔the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a little bit more.


Medicare - ✔✔in 1965, this program was added to Social Security to provide hospital and physician

coverage to the elderly.


Reconciliation - ✔✔revisions of program authorizations to make the final budget meet the limits of the

budget resolution, usually occurring toward the end of the budgetary process.


Revenues - ✔✔money received by the government in any given year.


Senate Finance Committee - ✔✔responsible for writing the tax code.


Sixteenth Amendment - ✔✔passed in 1913, permits Congress to levy an income tax.


Social Security Act - ✔✔passed to provide a minimal level of sustenance to older Americans. Tax

expenditures: revenue losses due to special exemptions, exclusions, and deductions.


Uncontrollable expenditures - ✔✔result from policies that make some group automatically eligible for

benefits.


Administrative discretion - ✔✔authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a

given problem, especially when rules do not fit or more than one rule applies.



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Bureaucracy - ✔✔implementers of policy.


Civil service - ✔✔promotes hiring on the basis of merit and establishes a nonpartisan government service.


Command-and-control policy - ✔✔regulatory strategy where government sets a requirement and then

enforces individual and corporate actions to be consistent with meeting the requirement.


Deregulation - ✔✔the withdrawal of the use of governmental authority to control or change some

practice in the private sector.


Executive orders - ✔✔regulations originating in the executive branch.


Governmental corporations - ✔✔provide services that could be handled by the private sector and

generally charge cheaper rates than a private sector producer.


GS (General Service) rating - ✔✔assigned to each job in federal agencies, this rating helps to determine

the salary associated with the position.


Hatch Act - ✔✔passed in 1940, prohibits government workers from active participation in partisan

politics.


Incentive system - ✔✔regulatory strategy that rewards individuals or corporations for desired types of

behavior, usually through the tax code.


Independent executive agencies - ✔✔executive agencies that are not cabinet departments, not regulatory

commissions, and not government corporations.


Independent regulatory agency - ✔✔has responsibility for a sector of the economy to protect the public

interest.


Iron triangles - ✔✔refers to the strong ties among government agencies, interest groups, and

congressional committees and subcommittees.




Katelyn Whitman© 2025, All Rights Reserved.

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