GENETICS BIOL 210 / BIOL210 FINAL EXAM 110+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE.
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Module
BIOD210
Institution
Chamberlain College Of Nursing
1. (T/F) Individual organisms do not evolve, but a population of a species does. ANSWER True
2. (T/F) Deoxyribonucleic acid is a chemical made up of nucleotides and proteins. ANSWER False
3. (T/F)The process that produces RNA is called transcription. ANSWER True
4. What best describes genetic di...
GENETICS BIOL 210 / BIOL210
FINAL EXAM 110+ QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE.
,1. (T/F) Individual organisms do not evolve, but a population of a species does. ANSWER True
2. (T/F) Deoxyribonucleic acid is a chemical made up of nucleotides and proteins. ANSWER False
3. (T/F) The process that produces RNA is called transcription. ANSWER True
4. What best describes genetic diversity in a population? ANSWER The organisms in a population have different
alleles of the same genes.
5. Differentiate genes from alleles. ANSWER Alleles are the different variations of genes.
6. What is the central dogma of biology? Include the three biomolecules and three processes involved. ANSWER
Transcription Translation
DNA --------------> RNA --------------> Proteins
(Rep.)
7. Differentiate homologous chromosomes from sister chromatids. ANSWER Homolo- gous chromosomes
- Different alleles of the same genes may be present
- Separated during meiosis I
Sister Chromatids
- Produced during S phase
- Separated during meiosis II
- Same genes and same alleles
8. Describe Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment ANSWER Alleles are sorted into gametes independently
of one another.
9. Gene expression refers to ANSWER ANSWER The production of functional molecules from genetic sequences
10. What process produces polar bodies? ANSWER Oogenesis
11. Describe the chromosome theory of inheritance. ANSWER States that genes are located in specific sites
(loci) on chromosomes and that the genetic material is carried on chromosomes from one generation to the next
12. What type of microtubule is responsible for connecting to chromatids during mitosis or meiosis?
ANSWER Kinetochore microtubule
13. Differentiate a chromosome from chromatin. ANSWER Chromosome ANSWER packaged DNA Chromatin
ANSWER DNA with proteins (histone) to condense it
14. Put the events of mitosis in order. ANSWER 1. S phase occurs
2. Mitotic spindles form
3. Microtubules attach to kinetochore proteins
4. Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
5. Sister chromatids are separated
,6. Cytokinesis occurs
, 15. Differentiate prokaryotic from eukaryotic. ANSWER Prokaryotic
- Reproduce sexually or asexually Eukaryotic
- Have a nucleus
- Often have homologous chromosomes
- Use mitosis and meiosis Both
- Copy chromosomes before cell division
- Includes single-celled organisms
16. Differentiate mitosis from meiosis. ANSWER Mitosis makes clones of itself Meiosis creates
genetically unique gametes
17. Describe Mendel's Law of Segregation. ANSWER Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous
chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
18. Dosage compensation refers to ANSWER ANSWER Having an equal amount of gene expression occurring even
if a chromosome is not the same.
19. An organism's cells have a diploid copy number of 10 (total number
of chromosomes present). Based on this information, answer the following questions.
I. What term would be used to describe a cell that has 20 chromosomes?
II. What term would be used to describe a gamete that has 5 chromosomes? ANSWER I. What term would be used to
describe a cell that has 20 chromosomes?
Polyploid
II. What term would be used to describe a gamete that has 5 chromosomes? Haploid
20. Assume a feather color phenotype is inherited through an incomplete dominance inheritance pattern. If you
cross a true-breeding yellow feather parrot (YY) with a true-breeding red feather parrot (yy), what phenotypes
do you expect the offspring to have? ANSWER This is an example of incomplete dominance, and all offspring will
have orange feathers.
21. Define syntenic. ANSWER Genes occurring on the same chromosome
22. A monohybrid cross of heterozygotes results in 21 offspring with pheno- type 1, 23 offspring having
phenotype 2, and 45 offspring having phenotype
3. Which one of the following patterns *cannot* explain the inheritance of this trait?
a. Codominance
b. Incomplete dominance
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