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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY EXAM (CHAPTERS 1-4)QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Biological Psychology - Answer--The study of the connection between biology and
behavior
Neuron Structure & Function - Answer-1. Dendrites: Receives information
2. Soma: Integrates information
3. Axon: Transmits information to another neuron
4. Myelin Sheath: Speeds up signal
5. Terminal Buttons (End Terminal): Stores and secretes neurotransmitters
6. Synapse: Chemical messengers
Motor Neurons - Answer--Efferent
-Neuron whose cell body is located in the spinal cord and axon projects outside the
spinal cord to control effector organs (muscles and glands)
Sensory Neurons - Answer--Afferent
-Nerve cells within the nervous system responsible for converting external stimuli from
the organism's environment into internal electrical impulses
Mirror Neurons - Answer--"Monkey see, monkey do"
-The neuron "mirrors" the behavior of the other, as though the observer were itself
acting.
Glia - Answer--"Glue" for neurons
-Structural support
-Clean up after neurons
All-or-None Law - Answer--Neural impulse is all or none
-Neural impulses can occur at different rates
-Strong stimuli will have a faster AP in a span of X time
Neurotransmitters - Answer--Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to
another
1. Dopamine: pleasurable emotions, voluntary movement
2. Serotonin: mood, sleep, hunger
3. ACh: voluntary movement, attention, arousal, memory
4. Endorphins: pain relief and response to stress, pleasure
5. Norepinephrine: mood and arousal
6. Oxytocin: "love hormone" that acts like a neurotransmitter in the brain
Neurons - Answer--Receives information
-Integrates information
, -Transmits information
-At Rest -70 millivolts
Action Potential - Answer--Brief shift in a neurons electrical charge that travels along
axon
-Neuron at Rest (-70 millivolts)—>Stimulated—>NA+ rushes into Neuron—>
Depolarization—>Action Potential—>Repolarization—>Absolute Refractory Period (1-2
Milliseconds)—>Resting Potential (-70 millivolts)
Absolute Refractory Period - Answer--Minimum length of time needed after an AP, until
another AP is able to occur
Depolarization - Answer--When a neuron becomes more positively charged
Repolarization - Answer--Neuron becomes more negatively charged
Antagonist - Answer--Chemical that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter
EX: Lithium, Thorazine
Agonists - Answer--Chemicals that mimic neurotransmitter
EX: Coffee, Prozac
Reuptake Inhibitors - Answer--Chemical that binds to the terminal buttons and prevents
reuptake, therefore causing an excess of that NT
EX: Cocaine, Dopamine
Frontal Lobe - Answer--Reasoning, thinking, planning, problem solving, parts of speech,
motor control, sense of smell
1. Broca's Area
-Speech production
-Located in left frontal lobe
2. Broca's Aphasia
Temporal Lobe - Answer--Processes auditory information
-Important for the processing of semantics in speech
1. Wernicke's Area
-Comprehension of language
-Located in left temporal lobe
2. Wernicke's aphasia
Occipital Lobe - Answer--Processes visual information
-Damage to the primary visual cortex can cause blindness
Parietal Lobe - Answer--Processes somatosensory information (pain and sensation)
-Spatial sense and navigation (distinguishing left from right)
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