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PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
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PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 1 EXAMQUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Population - Answer-All the cases in a group from which samples may be drawn for
study.
Random Sample - Answer-A sample that fairly represents a population because each
member has an equal chance of inclusion.
Naturalistic Observation - Answer-Observing and recording behavior in naturally
occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
Correlation Coefficient - Answer-A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors
vary together and thus how well either factor predicts the other; does not tell you cause
and effect
Experiment - Answer-The investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent
variable) to observe their effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent
variable) while controlling other relevent factors by random assignment of subjects.
Experimental Condition - Answer-Condition of an experiment that exposes subjects to
the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
Control Condition - Answer-Condition of an experiment that contrasts with the
experimental treatment; serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the
treatment
Random Assignment - Answer-Assigning subjects to experimental and control
conditions by chance; minimizes pre-existing differences between those assigned to the
different groups.
Independent Variable - Answer-Experimental factor that is manipulated and whose
effect is being studied
Dependent Variable - Answer-Experimental factor that may change in response to
manipulations of the other variable
Culture - Answer-Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large
group of people and is transmitted from one generation to the next
, (1) Structuralism, (2) Functionalism, (3) Psychoanalysis, (4) Behaviorism, (5)
Humanistic Movement, (6) Cognitive Perspective, (7) Neuropsychological Perspective -
Answer-7 Movements in Psychology (starting with the earliest)
Gustav Fechner - Answer-Wrote first book which began to define the discipline of
psychology called Psychophysik
1879 - Answer-Landmark year for psychology when Wilhelm Wundt established the first
experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany
Wilhelm Wundt - Answer-His theory of Structuralism has the goal of understanding the
structure of the mind by using scientific introspection; established the first experimental
psychology lab in 1879.
Introspection - Answer-Process of reporting on one's own conscious mental
experiences.
Structuralism - Answer-Historical school of psychology devoted to uncovering the basic
structures that make up the mind and thought; first school of thought in psychology.
William James - Answer-Published the first psychology textbook; his theory of
Functionalism stresses no mind structure but rather why people do what they do.
The mind according to William James - Answer-An everflowing, ever changing "stream
of consciousness" for which their is no ultimate structure.
Functionalism - Answer-Historical school of psychology that believed mental processes
could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function.
Ivan Pavlov - Answer-The first behaviorist who conducted landmark classical
conditioning experiments with dogs.
Sigmund Freud - Answer-Became internationally famous with the publication of his
book, The Interpretation of Dreams; began the psychoanalytic perspective which was
established as a major force in psychology.
Psychoanalysis - Answer-Approach to psychology based on Sigmund Freud's
assertions which emphasize the unconscious processes.
John B. Watson - Answer-Father of Behaviorism; wrote and presented many papers
which established Behaviorism as one of two major forces in psychology.
Behaviorism - Answer-Historical school sought to make psychology an objective
science that focused only on behavior - to the exclusion of mental processes.
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