milady Standard Esthetics Chapter 2: Anatomy and
Physiology Exam Questions And Solutions
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - ANSWER -transports chemical energy within the cells
for metabolism
Adipose Tissue (definition) - ANSWER -A specialized connective tissue considered fat,
which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body
Adrenal Glands (definition) - ANSWER -Glands that are located at the top of the
kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolism, stress response and blood pressure,
and support of immune system health through the generation of specific hormones
Adrenal Glands (picture) - ANSWER -
Anatomy - ANSWER -The study of human body structure, how the body parts are
organized, and the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts
Aorta (definition) - ANSWER -The body's largest artery, the arterial trunk that carries
blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body
Aorta (picture) - ANSWER -
Arteries (definition) - ANSWER -Thick-walled muscular, flexible tubes that carry
oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body
Arteries (picture) - ANSWER -
Arterioles - ANSWER -Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries
Auricularis Muscles (definition) - ANSWER -The three muscles of the ear that work
together to move the ear upward, forward, or backward
Auricularis Muscles (picture) - ANSWER -
Auriculotemporal Nerve - ANSWER -Affects the external ear and skin above the
temple, up to the top of the skull
Autonomic Nervous System - ANSWER -Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous
system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth
muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart
Belly - ANSWER -The middle part of the muscle
, Biceps (definition) - ANSWER -Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side
of the upper arm
Biceps (picture) - ANSWER -
Blood - ANSWER -Nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system (heart,
veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and
to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them
Blood Vessels - ANSWER -Tubelike structures that transport blood to and from the
heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries,
venules, and veins
Body Systems - ANSWER -Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or
more functions. The human body is composed of 11 major systems
Brain (definiton) - ANSWER -Part of the central nervous system contained in the
cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular
activity
Brain (picture) - ANSWER -
Brain Stem (definition) - ANSWER -Structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain
Brain Stem (picture) - ANSWER -
Buccal Nerve - ANSWER -Affects the muscles of the mouth
Buccinator (definition) - ANSWER -The thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the
upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as in
when blowing a whistle
Buccinator (picture) - ANSWER -
Capillaries - ANSWER -Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries
to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials
Cardiovascular System - ANSWER -Body system consisting of the heart, arteries,
veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body
Carpus (definition) - ANSWER -Also known as wrist; a flexible joint composed of eight
small, irregular bones (carpals) held together by ligaments
Carpus (picture) - ANSWER -
, Cell Membrane - ANSWER -Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits
soluble substances to enter and leave the cell
Cells - ANSWER -Basic unit of all living things; capable of performing all the
fundamental functions of life
Central Nervous System - ANSWER -Abbreviated CNS; cerebrospinal nervous system;
consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves
Cervical Nerve - ANSWER -A branch of the facial nerve that affects the side of the
neck and the platysma muscle
Cervical Cutaneous Nerve - ANSWER -Located at the side of the neck, affects the front
and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone
Cervical Vertebrae (definition) - ANSWER -The seven bones of the top part of the
vertebral column located in the neck region
Cervical Vertebrae (picture) - ANSWER -
Circulatory System - ANSWER -Also known as cardiovascular system; system that
controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and
blood vessels
Clavicle (definition) - ANSWER -Also known as collarbone; bone joining the sternum
and scapula
Clavicle (picture) - ANSWER -
Common Carotid Arteries - ANSWER -Arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and
neck, located on either side of the neck, having an internal and external branch
Connective Tissue - ANSWER -Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and
supports the various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Examples
of connective tissue are bond, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and fat
Corrugator Muscle (definition) - ANSWER -Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down
and wrinkles the forehead vertically
Corrugator Muscle (picture) - ANSWER -
Cranium - ANSWER -Oval, bony case that protects the brain
Defecation - ANSWER -Elimination of feces from the body
