OCEAN 100 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers A+
How are volcanoes formed? - Answerubduction happens, then since crust is pulled down into
the earth, hotter(less dense) energy comes up because of convection and forms a volcano
What is science? - Answerhe intellectual and practical activity enco...
How are volcanoes formed? - Answer✔ubduction happens, then since crust is pulled down into
the earth, hotter(less dense) energy comes up because of convection and forms a volcano
What is science? - Answer✔he intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic
study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and
experiment.
What is the scientific method? - Answer✔Observation -> hypothesis -> testing -> theory
Hypothesis - Answer✔idea proposed to explain one or more facts (must be tested)
Theory - Answer✔Structure of ideas that explains a large number of facts
Scientific Theory - Answer✔structure of ideas that explain wide range of observations supported
by abundant evidence,
rigorously tested
easily confirmed/verified
Examples:
Geology= plate tectonics
Bio= Natural selection
Physics= relativity; time runs at different speeds
Astronomy= big bang theory; helps explain the universe
The fields in Oceanography: geology, chemistry, etc... how are they used within oceanography? -
Answer✔Physical Oceanography - study of the motions (waves, tides, currents), study of ocean
atmosphere in relation to climate, and transmission of light/ sound
Chemical Oceanography - chemistry of seawater and reactions between the atmosphere and
hydrosphere. More recently looks at how changes in seawater temperature (El Nino) and salinity
affect global climate. Dissolved components, tempt. dependence, stratification/density
Biological Oceanography - study of life in the oceans, includes marine biology and ecology.
Geological Oceanography - study of the shape/ structure of the sea and sea floor, also how it
changes and the history of sediments, plate tectonics
Astronomy - tidal forces, oceans on other planets, origin of water, origin of life
Geographical Oceanography- wind belts, weather, coastal landforms, world climate
The Earth system; the Earth's 4 spheres: - Answer✔Lithosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere,
Atmosphere
Cross sectional view - Answer✔Like a cake
Block Diagram - Answer✔Three dimensional view
Mercator Map Projection - Answer✔Rectangle view of the world that distorts the North and
South Poles
What are the five oceans? - Answer✔Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic
Largest and deepest ocean - Answer✔Pacific
Shallowest - Answer✔Arctic; its full of continental shelves
Ocean facts - Answer✔Oceans make up 97% of all water on Earth, 3% on land
2/3 of all freshwater is stuck in glaciers in Antarctica
Oceans are 71% of the Earth's surface, 29% is continental crust
Average depth- ~3800 m
Average temp- 39 degrees fahrenheit (4 C)
Average Salinity- 35 ‰ (parts per thousand)
Mostly hydrogen & oxygen O, H, Cl, Na also Sodium and Chloride
4 Billion years old
Oceanic Crust- younger than 180 mil years old
Deepest point- Mariana Trench (11,000 m)
Energy - Answer✔The ability to do work/move matter/create change
2 types of energy - Answer✔Kinetic Energy- energy of motion
Which leads to...
Heat Energy- moves from hot -> cold
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